高寒牧区生态移民、牧民定居的调查与思考——以甘南牧区为例

甘南牧区是青藏高原“中华水塔”的重要涵养地，但由于人口生态压力严重超载、生产经营方式落后、公共产品覆盖率低，致使牧区难以持续发展，亟需以生态移民、牧民定居为基点改变发展路径，建设人地和谐的新牧区。但在实地调查中却发现，甘南牧区生态移民、牧民定居面临着牧民响应程度不高、项目设计缺乏理性思考、资金筹措及项目选址困难、缺乏有效的产业支撑及健全的社会服务等问题。针对这些问题，提出甘南牧区生态移民、牧民定居应与草原保护、产业转型、社会服务网络建设及城镇化相结合，构建多元化的草原保护模式、多元化的择业模式、多元化的社会服务体系及多元化的定居模式。

Surveying and Thinking on the Ecological Immigrant and the Herdsmen Settlement in the High Cold Pasturing Area——A Case of Gannan Pasturing Area

Gannan pasturing area is situated in the southwest part of Gansu Province and the transition zone among Tibet Plateau,Loess plateau and west Qinling Mountains,where the average altitude is 3000m.The area is an important water resources conserving area and an ecological protective screen in upper reaches of Yangtze and Yellow rivers.However,being the population-ecological pressure overloading,the producing and managing pattern backward and the public product cover ratio low,Gannan pasturing area can't sustainablly develop.In order to construct the harmonious new pasturing area,the traditional development way should be changed based on the ecological immigrant and the herdsmen settlement.But now,the ecological immigrant and the herdsmen settlement in Ganan pasturing area meet some difficulties,such as the slow response of the herdsmen,short of rational thinking on the project design,difficult of the finance and the project location,lack of the efficient industry supporting and the perfect social service system,etc.Based on these questions,that the ecological immigrant and the herdsmen settlement should be connected with the grassland protection,the industrial transformation,the social service system constructing and the urbanization,the various grassland protection modes,the various employment modes,the various social service system and the various settlement mode should be built.