10种化学杀菌剂对苹果树腐烂病的防效评价

本试验通过采用抑制菌丝生长、促进伤口愈合以及在离体枝条上的保护和治疗试验,对市售的10种化学药剂进行了防治苹果树腐烂病效果的评价.这些药剂分别为甲硫·萘乙酸、腐植酸·铜、菌毒清、丙环唑、代森铵、丁香菌酯、噻霉酮、辛菌胺·醋酸盐、甲基硫菌灵(山西北方种业)和甲基硫菌灵(日本曹达).试验结果表明,不同的测试方法得到不同的排序.在抑菌试验中,抑菌作用最强的药剂是甲基硫菌灵(山西北方种业)和腐植酸·铜,抑菌带均为5.00 cm,其次为菌毒清、丙环唑和甲硫·萘乙酸.在伤口愈合试验中,甲基硫菌灵(日本曹达)和甲硫·萘乙酸对伤口的愈合作用最好,其愈伤组织宽度分别比对照宽2.00 mm和0.92 mm.在离体枝条保护作用试验中,甲硫·蕃乙酸、腐植酸·铜、甲基硫菌灵(日本曹达)处理均未发病.在离体枝条治疗作用试验中,甲硫·萘乙酸、菌毒清、代森铵、甲基硫菌灵(山西北方种业)、腐植酸·铜的病斑平均扩展面积均小于50 mm2,其中甲硫·萘乙酸和菌毒清的防效均为87.5％,病斑面积仅为对照的1.6％和2.2％.综合排序和分析认为,甲硫·萘乙酸是治疗腐烂病效果最好的药剂.

Control effect of 10 fungicides against apple valsa canker

The control effects of 10 fungicides on apple tree valsa canker were compared on dishes,wound healing and twig tests.The 10 fungicides were thiophanate-methyl+1-naphthylacetic acid,HA-Cu,dioctyl divinyltriamino glycine,propiconazole,amobam,coumoxystrobin,benziothiazolinone,Xinjunan acetate and two kinds of thiophanate-methyl.Different results were received by different test methods.In the antibiotic experiment,thiophanate-methyl(made in Shanxi) and HA-Cu showed the highest inhibition effect.The bacteriostatic belts were both 5.00 cm,followed by dioctyl divinyltriamino glycine,propiconazole and thiophanate-methyl+1-naphthylacetic acid.In the wound healing experiment,thiophanate-methyl(made in Japan) and thiophanate-methyl+1-naphthylacetic acid treatments had wider callus than other treatments.In the twig tests,thiophanate-methyl+1-naphthylacetic acid,HA-Cu and thiophanate-methyl(made in Japan) showed strong protective effects without any disease development.In the therapeutical tests,thiophanate-methyl+1-naphthylacetic acid,dioctyl divinyltriamino glycine,amobam,thiophanate-methyl(made in Shanxi) and HA-Cu had better effects with average scar area less than 50 mm2.The control effects of thiophanate-methyl+1-naphthylacetic acid and dioctyl divinyltriamino glycine were 87.5% of the control and the area of scars were 1.6% and 2.2% of the control.By integrated sequencing and analysis,we suggest that thiophanate-methyl+1-naphthylacetic acid be the best fungicide for control of valsa canker on apple.