微咸水灌溉对土壤水盐动态与春小麦产量的影响

为了探究合理的微咸水灌溉利用模式，分别于2007年和2008年在宁夏银北惠农引黄灌区开展微咸水灌溉试验，研究了该地区微咸水灌溉对土壤水盐动态、春小麦产量的影响。研究结果表明：表层（0～30 cm）土壤含水率和含盐量变化较大，而30 cm以下土层的含水率和含盐量变化相对较小。渠灌条件下，春小麦全生育期内土壤根区（0～90 cm）处于明显的脱盐状态，而井渠混灌处理即使在相对干旱的年份也可保持根区土壤的盐分平衡，但井灌处理根区则出现明显积盐现象。春小麦耗水量和水分利用效率均随着灌水矿化度的增加而降低。与渠灌相比，井渠混灌模式的春小麦减产较小，而井灌处理的减产为20%～30%。在银北惠农地区，采用井渠1︰1的混灌模式是春小麦的适宜微咸水灌溉利用 模式。

Effect of irrigation with saline water on water-salt dynamic and spring wheat yield

To obtain the suitable alternative of saline water irrigation for spring wheat, a field experiment was conducted in Huinong Irrigation District, Ningxia, North-West China in 2007 and 2008 respectively. The collected datum were used to analyze the effects of saline water irrigation on water-salt dynamics and yield of spring wheat. Results indicated that soil water content and salinity at the upper layer of 0-30 cm had relatively large variations, whereas the variations of soil water content and soil salinity in layers below 30cm were relatively small. Canal irrigation resulted in the desalination of root zone soils, while well-canal combined irrigation kept the salinity in root zone soils being stable even at relatively dry years, but irrigation with well water caused a significant salt accumulation in root zone soils. Evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of spring wheat decrease with the increase of irrigation water mineralization degree. Compared with Canal irrigation, the well-canal combined irrigation only led to a slight decrease of crop yield, whereas a 20%-30% decrease of crop yield was caused by the well irrigation. The alternative with 1:1 ratio of ground water to surface water is recommended for irrigation of spring wheat in Yinbei Huinong Irrigation District.