旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播技术高效施肥机理研究

采用多点田间小区试验研究了不同旱作区小麦全膜覆土穴播技术的高效施肥机理。结果得出,随年降雨量由350→600 mm增加,全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量分别由N 103.2 kg·hm-2→181.3 kg·hm-2、P2O570.3 kg·hm-2→134.1 kg·hm-2、K2O 32.4 kg·hm-2→73.0 kg·hm-2显著增加;最高施肥量分别由N113.2 kg·hm-2→214.4 kg·hm-2、P2O576.1 kg·hm-2→153.0 kg·hm-2、K2O 40.1 kg·hm-2→88.0 kg·hm-2显著增加。全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾肥料利用率和利用效率随降雨量增加而明显提高。表现在:随降雨量由350→600 mm增加,全膜覆土穴播小麦平均氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别由26.4%、17.0%、20.2%增加到32.8%、22.6%、26.8%,氮、磷、钾肥料利用效率平均分别由8.8、17.2、7.0 kg·kg-1增加到10.9、22.9、9.3 kg·kg-1。结果还得出,全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾肥料利用率和利用效率随施肥水平提高而明显降低。表现在:随施肥量增加,全膜覆土穴播小麦平均氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别由37.1%、25.6%、31.4%降低到17.8%、13.2%、11.8%;平均氮、磷、钾肥料利用效率分别由12.4、25.9、10.7 kg·kg-1降低到5.9、13.4、4.1 kg·kg-1。在旱地全膜覆土穴播小麦肥料高效利用机理方面取得明显研究进展。

Mechanismic study on highly efficient fertilization utilizing the technique of full plastic-film mulching overlying soil and bunch planting method for dry-land wheat

Field plot experiments were employed to investigate fertilization mechanisms with the technique of whole plastic-film mulching overlying soil and bunch planting (WFM) on dry-land wheat. The results showed that with annual rainfall became increased from 350 mm to 600 mm, the N, P, and K optimal fertilizing amounts of WFM were increased from 103.2 to 181.3 kg·hm^-2 (N), 70.3 to 134.1 kg·hm^-2 (P₂O₅) and 32.4 to 73.0 kg·hm^-2 (K₂O), respectively. The N, P, and K maximal fertilizing amounts of WFM were increased from 113.2 to 214.4 kg·hm^-2 (N), 76.1 to 153.0 kg·hm^-2 (P₂O₅) and 40.1 to 88.0 kg·hm^-2 (K₂O), respectively. The fertilizer use rates and efficiencies of WFM were improved significantly with the increased rainfall, which led the average N, P, and K fertilizer use rates elevated from 26.4%, 17.0%, and 20.2% to 32.8%, 22.6% and 26.8%, respectively, and the average N, P, and K fertilizer use efficiencies escalated from 8.8 kg·kg^-1, 17.2 kg·kg^-1, and 7.0 kg·kg^-1 to 10.9 kg·kg^-1, 22.9 kg·kg^-1 and 9.3 kg·kg^-1, respectively. The results showed that the fertilizer use rates and use efficiencies of WFM became decreased remarkably with the increased fertilization levels, which led the average N, P, and K fertilizer use rates dropped from 37.1%, 25.6% and 31.1% to 18.8%, 13.2% and 11.8%, respectively, and the average N, P, and K fertilizer use efficiencies lessened from 12.4 kg·kg^-1, 25.9 kg·kg^-1 and 10.7 kg·kg^-1 to 5.9 kg·kg^-1, 13.4 kg·kg^-1 and 4.1 kg·kg^-1, respectively. Therefore, apparent research progress was achieved by this research for mechanismstic study of highly efficient fertilizer utilization in dry land with WFM for wheat.