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Flowering of Primula malacoides in response to photoperiod and temperature
Institution:1. INFN Sezione Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;2. INFN Sezione Bologna, V.le Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy;3. INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy;4. INFN Sezione Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;5. INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati (RM), Italy;6. INFN Sezione Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy;7. INFN Sezione Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy;8. INFN Sezione Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy;9. INFN Sezione Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy;10. INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;11. Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;12. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, V.le Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy;13. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;14. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy;15. Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy;p. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy;q. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università “Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy;r. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Salerno, Italy;s. Accademia Navale di Livorno, viale Italia 72, 57100 Livorno, Italy;1. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;2. Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;4. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China;5. School of Geography & Development and Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
Abstract:Primula malacoides Franch. ‘Prima Lilac’ was grown at 16 or 20 °C in combination with short days (SD, 8 h) or long days (LD, 16 h). In addition to uninterrupted growing conditions, plants within each temperature were moved at weekly intervals to the other photoperiod and left until termination. Temperature, but not photoperiod, significantly affected the rate of development from start of treatments (51 days from seeding) to 2 mm visible flower bud (VB). At 16 °C, VB averaged 30 days and at 20 °C, 48 days. Time to flower (first horizontal petals) at 16 °C increased from 56 to 64 days as SD increased from 1 week to continuous conditions while LD decreased time to flower from 64 to 56 days. Time to flower at 20 °C varied from 73 to 87 days with additional SD exposure resulting in slower and LD in faster flowering. These observations of the flowering response in ‘Prima’ are contrary to the photoperiodic classification of P. malacoides as a SD plant.
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