不同品种乌龙茶种植后土壤肥力和茶叶品质的变化

本研究以毛蟹(C.sinensis cv.Maoxie)、本山(C.sinensis cv.Benshan)、梅占(C.sinensis cv.Meizhan)3个乌龙茶品种为研究对象,分析不施肥条件下茶树根部土壤养分随种植年限的变化,以及茶叶品质的变化。结果表明,不同茶树的根部土壤p H值均随茶树种植年限的增长而呈现下降趋势。不同茶树根部土壤的有机质及有效磷含量达到Ⅰ级肥力;0年取样的茶树土壤碱解氮含量为Ⅰ级肥力,不施肥种植1~2年后均为Ⅱ级肥力;土壤速效钾含量在茶树0年取样时为Ⅰ级肥力,不施肥种植1年后毛蟹根部土壤为Ⅲ级肥力,本山和梅占则为Ⅱ级肥力,2年后均为Ⅲ级肥力。茶树叶片品质分析结果表明,随着不施肥种植时间的延长,茶叶中茶多酚、茶氨酸、咖啡碱的含量呈现下降趋势。同一种茶树在不同种植年限间,茶多酚含量的变化较为微弱,而茶氨酸、咖啡碱含量则呈显著差异。不同种植年限下茶树叶片中表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯与表没食子儿茶素含量及其品质指数均随着不施肥种植时间的延长而呈下降趋势,且同一种茶树不同种植年限间的变化率均呈显著差异。

The effect of Oolong tea cultivars(Camellia sinensis)planting on the soil nutrient contents and qualities of tea leaves

In this paper, C. sinensis cv. Maoxie, C. sinensis cv. Benshan and C. sinensis cv. Meizhan cultivar were chosen as materials to investigate the changes of soil nutrient contents around tea plants with the planted years under no fertilization, as well as the changes of the quality of the tea leaves. The results indicated that the pH values of root soils in different tea cultivars were all decreased as increasing of planted years. The contents of organic matter and available phosphorus in the root soils of the three tea cultivars were increased to I-level. However, the contents of available nitrogen in the root soils of the three tea cultivars were at I-level in the 0-planted year samples, and were at II-level in the 1-and 2-planted years’ samples. The contents of available potassium were at I-level, II-level, and III-level in the 0-, 1-, and 2-planted years’ samples of C. sinensis cv. Benshan and C. sinensis cv Meizhan, respectively. But, it was at I-level in the 0-planted year samples, and were at III-level in the 1-and 2-planted years’ samples of C. sinensis cv. Maoxie. The quality analysis of tea leaves showed that the contents of polyphenols, theanine, and caffeine in the tea leaves of the three cultivars were decreased as the increasing of planted years without fertilization. The contents of theanine and caffeine were significant different among the planted years in the same culti-vars, however, the contents of polyphenols were no significant changes. The contents of epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallat, and epigallocatechin in the tea leaves, and their quality index were all decreased as the increasing of planted years of the three cultivars plants. And moreover, they were significant different among the planted years in the same cultivars.