滴灌磷钾肥基追比对滴灌玉米干物质积累、产量及养分吸收的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了磷钾肥滴灌追施对玉米干物质、产量及养分吸收的影响。结果表明,磷钾肥部分基施、部分滴灌追施玉米的生物量和产量要优于磷钾肥全部基施,其中磷肥75%基施和25%滴灌追施比磷肥全部基施的玉米干物质提高4.36%,产量增加8.14%;钾肥50%基施和50%滴灌追施比钾肥全部基施的玉米干物质增加4.86%,产量增加4.98%。磷钾肥部分基施、部分滴灌追施显著提高了玉米氮、磷、钾的吸收量和利用率,其中磷肥75%基施和25%滴灌追施的氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别为46.65%、28.42%、46.33%,比磷肥全部基施分别提高了6.0、8.44和8.95个百分点;钾肥50%基施和50%滴灌追施的氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别为45.46%、27.92%、46.95%,比钾肥全部基施分别提高了4.26、0.99和11.89个百分点。

Effects of base to dressing ratios of drip phosphorus and potassium on dry matter accumulation,yield and nutrient uptake of maize under drip irrigation

Field plot test was designed to examine the effects of dressing ratios of phosphorus and potassium on dry matter accu-mulation, yield and nutrient uptake of maize under drip irrigation. The results showed that, the biomass and yield of treat-ments with part of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as top dressing of drip were better than that of all P and K fertilizer as basal. Compared with all phosphate fertilizer as basal, 75% phosphate fertilizer as basal and 25% phosphate fertilizer as top dressing treatment improved maize dry matter by 4. 36% and yield by 8. 14%. Compared with that all potassium fertilizer ap-plied as basal, 50% potassium fertilizer as basal and 50% potassium fertilizer as top dressing treatment improved maize dry matter by 4. 86% and yield by 4. 98%. The uptake and utilization of N, P, K of maize were significantly increased with a part of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as top dressing of drip, and the utilization of N, P, K of 75% phosphate fertilizer as basal and 25% phosphate fertilizer as top dressing was 46. 65%, 28. 42% and 46. 33%, which increased by 6. 0, 8. 44 and 8. 95 percentage points compared with that all phosphate fertilizer as basal, respectively. And the utilization of N, P, K of 50% potassium fertilizer as basal and 50% potassium fertilizer as top dressing was 45. 46%, 27. 92% and 46. 95%, which increased by 4. 26, 0. 99 and 11. 89 percentage points compared with that all potassium fertilizer as basal, respectively.