Comparative Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Organic Carbon and Wheat Productivity under Arid Region |
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Authors: | Hafiz Mohkum Hammad Abdul Khaliq Farhat Abbas Wajid Farhad Shah Fahad Muhammad Aslam |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad , Vehari, Pakistan hafizmohkum@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-3069;3. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad, Pakistan;4. Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown, Canada;5. Department of Agronomy, University College of Dera Murad Jamali Naseerabad, Sub-Campus Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences , Uthal, Pakistan;6. Department of Agronomy and Stress Physiology, The University of Swabi , Pakistan;7. Layyah Campus, Government College University Faisalabad–38000 , Pakistan |
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Abstract: | ABSTRACT Organic amendments in the soil perform better than synthetic fertilizers in regards to soil fertility and sustainable crop productivity. Experiments were conducted to compare the effects of organic and synthetic fertilizers on soil fertility and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Soil fertility and protein contents of wheat grains (13.2% and 13.3% during 2005–06 and 2006–07, respectively) were improved by organic amendments. However, synthetic fertilizer (at the rate of 150, 100, and 60 kg ha?1 N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively) applications resulted in the maximum grain yield (4.05 and 4.46 t ha?1 during 2005–06 and 2006–07, respectively). The observed and simulated soil organic carbon (SOC) reasonably agreed during RothC model validation (R 2 = 0.99). Economic analysis showed the maximum net profit and relative increase in income ($729 US ha?1 and 309%, respectively) from inorganic treatment. Application of synthetic fertilizers increased grain yield and farm profit while organic manure enhanced grain quality. The RothC model had potential for determining the SOC in organic farming under arid environment. |
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Keywords: | Economic analysis soil organic carbon soil fertility plant nutrition rothamsted carbon turnover model |
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