要素配置与流动视角下农牧交错带农村居民点空间布局优化

农村居民点是农村社会经济活动的综合载体,其空间布局优化是全面推进乡村振兴的重要手段。为合理优化农牧交错带农村居民点空间布局及全面推进乡村振兴战略实施,该研究以武川县可可以力更镇（可镇）为例,以乡村发展要素为纽带,在界定乡村振兴、人口流动与农村居民点空间布局优化内在逻辑基础上,从产业、人才、文化、环境及组织5个维度构建农村居民点要素禀赋评价指标体系,评价居民点要素配置状况;借助社会网络分析法构建人口流动网络,以反映要素流动能力;综合要素禀赋及流动能力评价结果组合特征识别农村居民点优化类型,剖析各类型内生发展动力并提出各自优化路径。结果表明：1）乡村振兴的全面实现亟需乡村各要素的科学配置,人口流动作为要素流动的桥梁对于各类要素的合理配置起到关键作用,而农村居民点空间布局优化通过要素在布局优化动态过程中的调配流通可助推乡村振兴战略实施;2）可镇农村居民点要素禀赋得分中等及以上居民点占农村居民点总面积74.32%,评价结果呈现“南高北低,中间高边缘低”分布特征,两极化格局明显;3）可镇农村居民点程度中心度总体偏低,程度中心度等级低的居民点空间分布广泛,面积占比52.67%,可镇人口流动规模小,要素流动缺乏活力;4）可镇农村居民点优化类型划分为特色保护类（9个）、城郊融合类（20个）、集聚提升类（40个）、原地观察类（24个）、搬迁撤并类（87个）。研究结果可为乡村振兴战略下农村居民点空间布局优化提供参考。

Optimizing the spatial layout of rural settlements in Farming-pastoral Zone under factor endowment and mobility

Abandonment and "hollowing out" have been two of the most common issues in the current rural areas of the Farming-pastoral Zone. It is still lacking in the smooth flow of rural development elements. The irrational allocation of regional elements can also be seriously confined to the construction of new patterns in rural revitalization. In this study, the spatial layout of the rural settlements was optimized to effectively implement rural revitalization from the perspective of factor endowment and mobility. The study area was taken as the Kekeyiligeng Town (Ke Town), Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of Western China. An evaluation index system was constructed for the factor endowment of rural settlements from the dimensions of industry, talent, culture, environment, and organization. The weights of each indicator were determined to evaluate the endowment status of rural settlement elements using entropy weights. At the same time, the social network analysis software (UCINET) was used to construct a flow network of elements. The degree centrality of each settlement was calculated to reflect the mobility capacity. The identification criteria were finally established to determine the optimization types of rural settlements using the generalized matrix model. 1) comprehensive rural revitalization was achieved in the optimal spatial layout of rural settlement. The various rural elements were also rationally allocated to the urgent needs. Population mobility was also used to bridge the element flow during allocation. The dynamic allocation and circulation of elements greatly contributed to the implementation of rural revitalization. 2) There were relatively high overall scores of rural settlement factor endowment, with the total area of settlements with moderate or higher accounting for 399.48 hm², 74.32% of the total area. The evaluation system demonstrated that there was a distinct pattern of polarization, indicating the "higher in the south, lower in the north, higher in the middle, and lower at the edges." 3) A relatively low mobility capacity of rural settlement factor shared the distribution pattern of "higher in the south, lower in the north". There were 101 settlements with low centrality, covering an area of 52.67%, whereas, 30 settlements with high centrality, accounted for an area of 18.47%. 4) The optimization types of rural settlements were classified as the type of characteristic protection (9), suburban integration (20), agglomeration promotion (40), in-situ observation (24), and relocation merge (87). Rural settlements were taken as the gathering centers of various elements in the rural areas, indicating the reconfiguration and flow of elements in the spatial layout optimization. Targeted settlement optimization was also proposed to enrich the research perspective on the rural settlement layout. Anyway, the finding can provide theoretical and technical support for the village planning in the Farming-pastoral Zone.