黄河甘肃段流域生态环境需水量探究

从流域生态环境平衡的角度出发,探讨了符合黄河甘肃段流域生态环境实际的生态环境需水内涵。在此基础上,构建了以面积定额法计算的河道外生态环境需水量模型和以水文法计算的河道内生态环境需水量模型。分别计算了河道外植被生态环境需水量和维持河道流量的河道内河流基础生态环境需水量、河流输沙运泥需水量、水库湖泊系统生态环境需水量。结果表明:黄河甘肃段生态环境总需水量为312.6亿m3,约占流域年径流量的52%,这一结果远超国际上普遍认可的地表水资源合理的开发程度为30%的阀值,说明该地区生态环境需水量与流域总径流量在环境保护和经济发展方面有一些冲突。

Study on Water Demand of Ecological Environment in the Lanzhou Section of the Yellow River Basin

From the angle of ecological environment balance of the river basin,the connotation of ecological environment water requirement conforming to the ecological environment of the Gansu section of the Yellow River was discussed.Based on that,a model for calculating the eco-environmental water requirement outside the river and the eco-environmental water demand model based on the water grammar method was built.The riverine basic ecological and environmental water demand,river sediment transport and sludge water demand and the eco-environmental water requirement of reservoir and lake system were calculated respectively.The results showed that the ecological environment of the Yellow River Gansu section of the total water demand was 31 billion 260 million m3,accounting for about 52％ of the annual runoff,the results far beyond the internationally recognized surface water resources reasonable development degree for the 30％ threshold,indicating that the ecological environment of the regional water demand and total watershed runoff has some conflicts in environmental protection and economic development.