静宁县不同海拔梯度‘富士’苹果光合生理的比较研究

【目的】探究苹果光合生理随着海拔高度的变化规律,为静宁地区不同海拔区域制定不同的苹果生产措施,并为甘肃其他高海拔地区的苹果生产提供依据.【方法】选取3个海拔梯度(1 340、1 483、1 980m)的‘富士’苹果作为研究对象,测定盛果期苹果树叶片结构、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化、叶绿素等指标.【结果】随着海拔升高,叶片厚度、栅海比、主脉最大导管直径逐渐增大,叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b以及胡萝卜素的含量呈先降后升.海拔1 980m的苹果叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和胡萝卜素含量分别是海拔1 340m苹果叶片的1.52、1.62、1.35倍,海拔1 595m苹果叶片的1.23、1.21、1.27倍.3个海拔苹果叶片净光合速率日变化都呈双峰曲线,蒸腾速率日变化呈单峰型.叶片Pn日均值,Tr日均值随着海拔升高而增大.初始荧光产量(F0)日变化先升高后降低,且随着海拔升高而增大,最大荧光产量(Fm)随海拔升高先减小后增大.【结论】在海拔1 340~1 980m范围内,随着海拔升高,‘富士’苹果的光合能力增强.

A comparative study on photosynthetic physiology of Fuj i apple at different altitudes in Jingning County

Obj ective]To explore apple photosynthetic physiology as the altitude change rule,for apple production measures of different altitudes of Jingning area,as well as provides the reference for the apple production of other high altitude areas in Gansu province.Method]Selected three altitudinal gradient (1 340,1 483,1 980 m)of Fuji apple as the research object,measure the leaf structure,daily variation of net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,chlorophyll at full fruit period.Result]With increasing altitude, leaf thickness,ratio of palisade and spongy,maximum conduit diameter gradually increases,leaf chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and carotenoid content decreased at first,then elevated.Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and carotenoid content at an altitude of 1980 m were respectively 1.52,1.62,1.35 times of 1 340 m and 1.23,1.21,1.27 times of 1 595 m.The results showed that diurnal changes of photo-synthetic rate (Pn) presented double-peak curve,daily variation of transpiration rate showed one-peak curve.The daily average of Pn ,daily average of Tr increases as the altitude rises.Diurnal changes of initial fluorescence yield (F0 ) elevated at first,then depressed,and increase with altitude increasing,the maximum fluorescence yield (Fm)increases with the decrease of the first as altitude increase.Conclusion]Within the altitude range between 1340~1340 m ,Fuji apple photosynthetic ability enhancement with the altitude increasing .