小麦籽粒不同部位矿质元素组成及含量分析

以陇黑麦838(黑粒)、平凉44号、农大3753(黑粒)、农大5181、陇鉴108和陇育4号为试验材料,采用X-射线能谱仪测定小麦籽粒不同部位的部分矿质元素组成和相对含量。结果表明,小麦籽粒中除含有大量C、O外,皮层富含K、Ca、Fe,其次是Na、Mg、Cl和Cu。糊粉层富含K、Mg和Fe,其次是Si、Cl、Ca和Mn。胚乳层O含量最高,Cl、K、Ca和Fe次之,并含少量Na、Mg、和Se等元素。胚中Mg、Cl、K、Ca和Fe含量较高,Na、Mn、Cu和Se次之。黑粒小麦陇黑麦838和农大3753籽粒Ca、Fe、Zn和Se元素的相对含量高于普通小麦。总体来看,所有品种(系)糊粉层矿质元素含量最高,皮层和胚次之,胚乳最低。不同类型品种(系)籽粒各部位的矿质元素含量存在基因型差异,黑粒小麦矿质价值高于普通小麦。

Comparison of Mineral Elements Composition and Content in Different Positions of Wheat Grains

With Longheimai 838(black grain), Pingliang 44, Nongda 3753(black grain), Nongda 5181, Longjian 108 and Longyu 4 as the experimental materials, mineral element composition and relative content in different parts of wheat grains were determined by X-ray energy spectrometer. The result shows that wheat grains contain a large amount of C, O, the cortex is rich in K, Ca, Fe, followed by Na, Mg, Cl and Cu; aleurone layer rich in K, Mg and Fe, Si, Cl, Ca and Mn are lower; endosperm layer all of varieties (lines), content of O is the highest, followed by Cl, K, Ca and Fe, a small amount of Na, Mg, and Se and other elements; content of Mg, Cl, K, Ca and Fe are higher in embryo, Na, Mn, Cu and Se are lower; Ca, Fe, Zn and Se is higher in black grain wheat Longheimai 838 and Nongda 3753 grains than that of common wheat grains. Anyway, mineral elements contents are highest in aleurone layer of all varieties (lines), followed by cortex and embryo, the contents of mineral elements are the lowest in endosperm of all parts of the grains; different varieties (lines) exist genotype difference; mineral value is higher in black grains of wheat.