空间诱变育成辣椒新杂交种航椒6号及其RAPD分析

天水羊角椒和天水牛角椒搭载"神舟三号"飞船进行空间诱变处理,经4代自交选育分别得到"021-7-1"和"024-3-1"两个突变系,用"021-7-1"为母本,"024-3-1"为父本育成杂交种航椒6号。本试验对航椒6号和其双亲以及诱变亲本天水羊角椒和天水牛角椒进行农艺性状比较分析,结果表明:突变品系"024-3-1"较原始亲本天水牛角椒果实大,单果重为52.4g,提高了12.7%;"021-7-1"单株结果数平均为10.4个,较原始亲本天水羊角椒增多了25.3%。航椒6号在产量上有明显杂种优势,其主要特性为:早熟,定植至始收50d左右;果实长羊角形,纵径26.3cm,横径3.68cm,肉厚0.32cm;单果质量51g左右,平均产量41335.5kg/hm2;鲜食品质好;具有较强的抗逆性和广泛的适应性。经RAPD分析,"024-3-1"与天水牛角椒相比有7条差异条带,"021-7-1"与天水羊角椒相比产生1条差异条带;航椒6号有父母本共有带和特有带,并且保持航天诱变产生的变异带。

BREEDING OF A HYBRID CAPSICUM VARIETY "HANGJIAO-6" AND ITS RAPD ANALYSIS

Dry seeds of two capsicum landraces "Tianshuiyangjiaojiao(TSYJJ)" and "Tianshuiniujiaojiao(TSNJJ)" were carried by "Shenzhou-3" spaceship.Two mutant lines "021-7-1" and "024-3-1" were selected after four generations of self-cross,respectively By crossing these two lines(021-7-1 as female and "024-3-1" as male),a new variety "Hangjiao-6" was selected.Agronomic characteristics evaluation of Hangjiao-6 and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis were carried out on "021-7-1","024-3-1","Hangjiao-6","TSYJJ" and "TSNJJ".Compared with the originals "TSNJJ",the new line "024-3-1" was bigger fruit size,with a single fruit weight 52.4g,increased by 12.7%.The new line "021-7-1" observed the increase of fruit number per plant,the average fruit number per plant reached 10.4,and increased by 25.3%."Hangjiao-6" has obvious heterosis in its fruit yield."Hangjiao-6",which shows early maturity,takes about 50 days from planting to harvest.The fruit is long sheep-horn shaped of 26.3cm length,3.68cm in diameter,and 0.32cm in flesh thickness.Average fruit weight is 51g.The average yield is 41335.5 kg/hm 2 and showed strong disease resistance.By RAPD analysis,seven different fragments were amplified between the ground control "TSNJJ" and the new line "024-3-1",and one different fragment was amplified between the ground control "TSYJJ" and the new line "021-7-1"."Hangjiao-6" amplified the same fragments and the special fragments of the male and female parents,and also has the variant fragments from space mutation.