循环曝气地下滴灌下温室番茄生长特性与产量研究

为探讨循环曝气地下滴灌不同肥气耦合处理对作物生长、光合特性及产量的影响规律，以番茄(京鲁6335)为研究对象，利用循环曝气装置实现水肥气一体化灌溉，设置4个曝气量(高曝气O1,中曝气O2,低曝气O3,不曝气S,掺气比例分别为16.25%、14.58%、11.79%和0),3个施肥量(高肥F1,中肥F2,低肥F3),采用双因素随机区组试验设计，共12个处理，研究不同肥气耦合处理对温室番茄生长特性、叶绿素含量、光合作用、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明：对温室番茄进行循环曝气地下滴灌可显著提高植株株高和茎粗、叶片叶绿素含量和气孔导度，增强光合作用，提高干物质积累量和产量。随曝气量的升高，株高和茎粗总体上呈现增大趋势，曝气灌溉较不曝气灌溉处理株高最大增幅为22.57%,茎粗最大增幅为7.25%。同一施肥水平下高曝气灌溉处理较不曝气灌溉处理番茄植株净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率平均分别增大52.46%、60.64%和36.88%,叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量平均升高33.17%和48.71%。中肥水平下高曝气灌溉处理干物质积累总量和果实干物质积累量较不曝气灌溉处理平均提高31.66%和36.95...

Impacts of Cycle Aerated Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato

To investigate the effects of different fertilizer air coupling treatments on crop growth characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics and yield under cycle aerated subsurface drip irrigation, tomato (Jinglu 6335) was taken as the research object, and the recycling aeration device was used to supply water, fertilizer and gas. Four aeration quantities (O1 was high aeration, O2 was medium aeration, O3 was low aeration, S was no aeration, aeration ratio was 16.25%, 14.58%, 11.79% and 0, respectively), three fertilizer quantities (F1 was high fertilizer, F2 was medium fertilizer, F3 was low fertilizer) were set, and a two-factor randomized block experimental design was adopted, with a total of 12 treatments. The effects of different fertilizer-air couplings on plant growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, plant dry matter accumulation and yield of greenhouse tomato were studied. The results showed that cycle aerated subsurface drip irrigation could significantly increase plant height, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance, enhance photosynthesis, and increase dry matter accumulation and yield of greenhouse tomato. The plant height and stem diameter were increased with the increase of aeration. The maximum increase of plant height and stem diameter was 22.57% and 7.25% respectively in aerated irrigation treatment compared with non aerated irrigation treatment. At the same fertilization levels, compared with non-aerated irrigation, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of high aeration irrigation treatment were increased by 52.46%, 60.64% and 36.88% respectively, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were increased by 33.17% and 48.71%, respectively. The plant dry matter accumulation and fruit dry matter accumulation under high aeration irrigation at medium fertilizer level were increased by 31.66% and 36.95% on average, and the yield of single plant and the weight of single fruit were increased by 12.80% and 19.51% compared with that of non aerated irrigation. At the same aeration level, plant height, stem diameter, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and plant dry matter accumulation of tomatoes under medium fertilizer treatments were significantly increased compared with those under high and low fertilizer treatments. The yield of tomato single plant was significantly positively correlated with plant height, stem diameter and net photosynthetic rate (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient between yield and plant height, stem diameter and net photosynthetic rate of tomato under medium fertilizer treatment in high aeration irrigation was higher than that of other treatments. Therefore, considering the effects of various treatments on the growth characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, plant dry matter accumulation and yield, the medium fertilization level in high aeration irrigation was the preferable irrigation and fertilization mode for greenhouse tomato.