覆膜滴灌下氮肥与种植密度互作对东北春玉米产量、群体养分吸收与转运的调控效应

[目的]合适的氮肥用量和种植密度是提高东北玉米产量和效益的关键.研究覆膜滴灌条件下氮肥用量、种植密度及其互作对春玉米产量、养分吸收转运及利用效率的影响,以期为东北半干旱区春玉米高产高效栽培提供理论依据.[方法]2016-2017年,在吉林省西部半干旱区乾安县开展田间试验,以紧凑型玉米品种农华101为供试材料,在覆膜滴灌...

Interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on nutrient absorption,translocation and yield of spring maize under drip irrigation in Northeast China

  【Objectives】  An optimum interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and plant density is pertinent to increasing the growth and productivity of maize in Northeast China. This study aimed to investigate the influence of nitrogen application rate, plant density and their interaction on maize yield, nutrient absorption, translocation and utilization efficiency under drip irrigation and plastic mulching condition. The research could provide theoretical basis for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of spring maize in semi-arid region of Northeast China.  【Methods】  The field experiment was conducted using compact ‘Nonghua101’maize cultivar in Qian’an County of western Jilin Province in 2016 and 2017. The nitrogen rates included 0, 140, 210, 280 and 350 kg/hm2 (N0, N140, N210, N280 and N350, respectively) and plant densities were 6.0 × 104, 7.5 × 104 and 9.0 × 104 plants/hm2 (D1, D2 and D3 respectively). The dynamics of aboveground nutrient accumulation, the characteristics of translocation and distribution, yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency under different treatrments were analyzed.  【Results】  The results showed that maize yield firstly increased and later decreased with increasing N- application rate and plant density. The highest yield was obtained from D2 under nitrogen rate of N210. Under the same plant density, the accumulation of N, P and K increased from seedling stage to flowering stage, however, it increased initially and then declined from filling to mature stage with increasing nitrogen application rate. Accumulated N, P and K of maize were highest in D2 × N210. Compared with no nitrogen treatment, maize N, P and K proportion after flowering stage was increased first, however they later decreased with increasing N-rate, but there was no significant differences in the trends under different plant density. Nutrient translocation amount of maize firstly increased but later decreased with increasing N application rate and plant density, and it was highest in D2 × N210. There was no significant difference in nutrient translocation rate, contribution rate of translocated nutrient and contribution rate of accumulated nutrient after flowering stage under different plant density. The N-utilization efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity decreased with increased rate of applied nitrogen at varied plant density, with the highest values obtained under D2. Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between yield and the amounts of N, P and K accumulated was significant or highly significant (r = 0.6250?0.9224) around flowering stage, whereas the values after flowering stage were higher than those before the flowering stage.  【Conclusions】  The reasonable plant density and nitrogen application level enhance the proportions of nutrient accumulation and distribution after flowering stage of maize, promote nutrient translocation amount and contribution rate of accumulation nutrients after flowering stage synergistically, improve yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of maize. Considering maize yield, nutrient accumulation and translocation, and nitrogen utilization efficiency under drip irrigation system and mulching condition, the plant density of 75000 plants/hm2 and nitrogen application rate of 210 kg/hm2 are optimum in semi-arid region of Northeast China.