基于DEM的土地利用与地形因子关系研究——以商州区张地沟小流域为例

依据遥感影像和DEM数据,通过引入地形分布指数和土地利用程度综合指数,进行Kendall双参数相关性分析,研究张地沟小流域不同地形因子条件下土地利用的分布特征,以揭示流域内土地利用与地形因子的相互关系。结果表明:张地沟小流域土地利用基本符合自然规律;人类活动主要集中在海拔较低的缓地和斜坡地,坡向多为阴坡和半阳坡;高程、坡度和坡向对草地、林地和建设用地的分布影响较为显著,农地和果园的分布受地形因子影响不显著。针对目前土地利用现状,丹江上游低山丘陵区土地利用结构优化建议为:虽然地形较平坦,但海拔高水热条件较差的山顶区应退耕还林或还草以减少水土流失;整治坡耕地,护沟保地;依据坡向光照条件,调整作物布局。

Study on relationship between land use and terrain factor based on DEM——Taking Zhangdigou small watershed as an example

Based on remote sensing data and DEM data,we studied the distribution characteristics of land use in the condition of different terrain factors by introducing the terrain distribution index and the comprehensive index of land use degree,and then analyzed the Kendall double parameters correlation,revealed the relationship between land use and terrain factors in Zhangdigou small watershed.The results showed that the distribution of land use in the watershed is basically in accordance with natural laws.Human activities are mainly on the lower altitudes,gentle slope and inclined land,and most in the shady slope and semi-suny slope.Elevation,slope gradient and slope aspect have significant influence on the distribution of grassland,woodland and construction land,but little influence on that of farmland and orchard.Based on the actual status of the distribution pattern of land use,suggestions about optimizing land use structure for the hilly region in the upper reaches of the Danjiang River are put forward.Though the terrain of hill top area is flat,but due to poor condition of water and sunlight,the cultivated land there should be returned to woodland or grassland in order to reduce the soil erosion;the slope farmland should be renovated and the ditches be controlled to protect the land;the distribution of the crops should be adjusted according to slope aspect and sunlight conditions.