新疆野杏花部综合特征与繁育系统初步研究

[目的]了解新疆野杏的繁殖适应性,为引种栽培及资源保护提供基础资料.[方法]通过野外定株观察,运用杂交指数、人工授粉和套袋试验等方法检测新疆野杏的开花状态及繁育系统,MTT法测定花粉活力,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性.[结果]该种单花花期为6～7 d,单花花期按其形态和散粉时间可分为现蕾初期、开花前期、未散粉期、散粉初期、散粉盛期、散粉末期、凋谢期七个阶段;开花4 h左右,柱头可授性最强,此时花粉活力也最高;按照杂交指数,繁育系统属于自交亲和,有时需要传粉者;套袋试验显示其繁育系统为自交、异交亲和.[结论]新疆野杏花粉活力与柱头可授性具有同步性,其花粉活力最高的时期正是其柱头的最佳可授期;繁育系统为自交、异交并存,属于混合交配系统.

Primary Study on Floral Syndrome and Breeding System of Armeniaca Vulgaris Lam

【Objective】Floral syndrome and breeding system of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam were studied to provide basis materials for introducting and protecing the resource.【Method】The flowering dynamics and breeding system of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam were studied by using the data of out-crossing index(OCI),artificial and natural pollination method,pollen viability was evaluated by MTT test,its stigma receptivity was estimated by benzidine-H2O2 method.【Result】The life span of individual flower was generally 6-7 days.For each flower,the flowering process could be divided into seven periods: bud stage,prophase of flowering,pre-dehiscence,initial dehiscence,full dehiscence,final dehiscence,withering period;About 4 hours after flowering,stigmas were at the highest receptivity,pollen were at the highest viability also;According to the outcrossing index,the breeding system of this species belong to self-compatibility,sometimes need pollinators;The resules of artificial and natural population indicated that outcrossing is a form in breeding system of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam,it is also self-compatibility.【Conclusion】When the pollen of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam were at the highest viability,the stigmas were at the highest receptivity;The breeding system of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam is outcrossing and self-compatible,thus it is appeares to have a mixed-mating system.