Biological roles of monoterpene volatiles derived from rough lemon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus jambhiri</Emphasis> Lush) in citrus defense |
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Authors: | Yumiko Yamasaki Hitoshi Kunoh Hiroyuki Yamamoto Kazuya Akimitsu |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Plant Pathology, United Graduate School and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan;(2) Institute of Biological Process Research, Akatsuka Orchid Co. Ltd, Tsu Mie, 514-2293, Japan |
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Abstract: | Volatile compounds of plants, including monoterpenes, are a possible source of signal molecules that induce defense systems
to protect plants from tissue damage. Volatile compounds from rough lemon leaves were trapped by solid-phase microextraction
fibers in sealed vials, and subsequent gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography analyses identified the
profile of the major components, mainly various monoterpenes. Among several monoterpenes examined, citral, citronellal, and
linalool significantly inhibited the spore germination and hyphal growth of Alternaria alternata. The effect of linalool was fungistatic, while the effects of citral and citronellal were partially fungicidal. Wounding
of rough lemon leaves induced a significant increase in release of monoterpenes. The release of linalool was the most abundant
and was 14.5 times that of unwounded rough lemon leaves. Unlike the wounding treatment, microbe attack did not significantly
change monoterpene releases, and there was statistically no difference found in the peak areas from microbe-treated and untreated
leaves. Linalool, limonene, and β-pinene also had insect-repellant effects on wild-type Drosophila melanogaster. Expression patterns of defense-related genes in rough lemon and rice significantly changed after treatment with vapors of
monoterpene volatiles. Taking these results together, monoterpene volatiles are likely to play roles in the defense of rough
lemon against microbe and insect pathogens. |
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Keywords: | Monoterpene Linalool Citrus Volatile Signaling |
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