环境温度对动物肠道微生物菌群影响的研究进展

温度是一个重要的非生物环境变量，能够驱动动物谱系的适应轨迹和动物群落的组成。环境温度作为影响动物肠道微生物菌群变化的众多因素之一，能够影响肠道微生物菌群的组成及丰度，进而调控宿主生长、发育、繁殖、免疫等生物学过程及功能。动物肠道核心菌群的组成及其代谢产物在不同温度下存在显著差异，在单胃动物、反刍动物等中都有相应的报道。极端温度主要通过诱导肠道微生物菌群产生结构和功能上的差异，进而对宿主表型产生影响。目前，对于温度如何影响动物肠道菌群的了解仍非常有限。本文针对不同环境温度条件下，肠道微生物菌群结构和功能的差异及相关研究进行了总结及综述。探讨由环境温度引起的肠道微生物菌群与宿主适应机制之间的关系，包括对宿主产热机制、消化系统和免疫系统等其他方面的影响并开展研究，将为肠道微生物对宿主健康的调节提供参考和思路。

Research Progress on the Effect of Ambient Temperature on Intestinal Microflora of Animals

Temperature is an important non-biological environmental variable that drives the adaptive trajectory of animal lineages and the composition of animal communities. Ambient temperature, as one of the many factors affecting the changes of intestinal microbiota, can affect the composition and abundance of gut microbiota, and thereby regulate the biological process and functions of the host growth, development, reproduction and immunity. The composition of gut microbiota and its metabolites vary significantly at different temperatures, which have been reported in monogastric animals, ruminants and so on. Extreme temperature can affect host phenotypes mainly by inducing structural and functional differences in intestinal microbiota. At present, the understanding about how temperature affects the intestinal flora of animals is still very limited. In this paper, the differences in the structure and function of intestinal microbiota under different ambient temperatures were summarized and reviewed. Further discussion and exploration of the relationship between the gut microbiota and host adaptation mechanisms caused by ambient temperature, including the effects on mechanisms of heat production, digestive system and immune system of host, will provide references and ideas for the regulation of intestinal microflora on host health.