家禽疱疹病毒CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑最新研究进展

基于CRISPR/Cas9系统的基因编辑是最新一代的基因组编辑技术，在向导RNA （gRNA）的介导下几乎可以靶向编辑任何一种基因，实现基因组的定点突变、敲除或插入。近年来将CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术应用于大基因组DNA病毒的研究，尤其是用于疱疹病毒的基因编辑已成为病毒学研究领域的最新国际热点。自2016年首次报道利用CRISPR/Cas9系统改造家禽疱疹病毒如马立克病病毒（MDV）基因组以来，短短5年时间已全面应用于家禽疱疹病毒的蛋白编码基因和非编码RNA基因的编辑、基因缺失疫苗和重组疫苗研发、抗病毒治疗以及抗病育种等领域。本文详细综述了当前CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在家禽疱疹病毒中的应用进展和最新成果，并对其面临的问题和前景进行了展望，以期为后续研究提供重要参考。

Recent Advances in Engineering Avian Herpesviruses by CRISPR/Cas9-based Gene Editing Technology

CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing technology, the newest generation of gene-editing technique, can target and edit nearly any kind of genes mediated by a single guide RNA (gRNA) to realize the direct genomic deletions, mutations, and/or insertions. In recent years, the application of CRISPR/Cas9 system in the large genomes of DNA viruses, especially in those of herpesviruses, has become the latest international research hotspot. Since the first report that using CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit avian herpesvirus genome such as Marek's disease virus (MDV) in 2016, this technology has been widely applied in editing the viral protein-coding genes and non-coding RNA genes, constructing gene knocked-out or recombinant vaccines, antiviral therapy as well as disease resistant breeding in recent five years. Herein, this paper reviewed the latest progresses on CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing-mediated avian herpesvirus gene function studies and vaccine developments. The prospect of CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing is also discussed for providing important reference for future virology research.