Dynamics of Follicular Blood Flow,Antrum Growth,and Angiogenic Mediators in Mares From Deviation to Ovulation |
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| Institution: | 1. Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt;2. Animal Reproduction and AI Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt;1. Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;2. Laboratory of Histology and Animal Disease Diagnosis, Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;3. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;1. Ospedale Didattico Veterinario “Mario Modenato”, Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa. Via Livornese (Lato Monte), 1289, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy;2. Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PR China) UMR7247 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, F-37380, Nouzilly, France;3. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;4. Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron CS 80054 45071 ORLEANS Cedex 2, Orleans, France;1. Departamento de Medicina y Ciugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain;2. University Center of Veterinary Medicine, Jagiellonian University-University of Agriculture, 31-120, Krakow, Poland;3. Essential Equine Nutrition, 70 West Street, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia;4. The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom;5. Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of The Polish Academy of Science, Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland;6. Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands;1. Laboratory of Semen Biotechnology and Andrology, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Laboratory of Theriogenology Dr. O. J. Ginther, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada;2. Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India |
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| Abstract: | This study aimed to investigate dynamics of dominant and subordinate follicles' change of dimensions, vascularity, and angiogenic hormones from deviation to ovulation. Ten cyclic mares were subjected to daily blood sampling and Doppler examination along two estrous cycles. Three diameters were recorded for each follicle to estimate its area and volume. Leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), nitric oxide (NO) and estradiol were measured. Area of color and power Doppler modes with antral area and circumference of all follicles was measured in pixels. Follicles were classified into first large preovulatory follicle (1st F-ov), second large (2nd F-ov), and third large (3rd F-ov) on the ovulating ovary and on the contralateral nonovulating ovary into first (1st F-contra) and second large (2nd F-contra). Days before ovulation significantly (P < .0001) affected all dimensions of preovulatory follicle. With the increase of diameter, area, volume, area in pixel, antrum area, and circumference of 1st F-ov, those of all subordinates were decreasing. The blue flow area, power, and power minus red blood flow area of 1st F-ov increased from day ?6 till day of ovulation (day 0), but red blood flow area significantly decreased. First large follicle had the lowest percent of colored pixels and percent of the colored pixels without antrum. Estradiol and leptin increased from day ?6 till day 0, but IGF-1 decreased till day ?1 and NO achieved a peak on day ?3 then decreased till day 0. In conclusion, antrum growth, blood flow, and angiogenic hormones play a role in maturation and ovulation of the dominant follicle in mares. |
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| Keywords: | Preovulatory follicle Estrus Blood flow Angiogenic hormone Mare |
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