农药施用过程对施药者体表农药沉积污染状况的研究

为了研究农药对施药者身体造成的污染,减少施药造成的操作人员中毒现象,利用6种不同类型和技术参数的背负式喷雾器研究了3种施药方式在施药者身体15个部位的农药沉积状况。借助系统聚类分析和因子分析2种统计方法对试验结果进行了统计分析。结果表明,施药者双脚和小腿是药液沉积的主要部位,沉积率分别58.5%和35.8%;使用新型的施药器械与施药技术有助于降低施药人员体表的农药沉积残留;2种分析方法得到的结果吻合良好,对认识和评价农药施用过程施药者体表农药沉积污染情况有理论和实际意义。

Multivariate Statistical Analysis of the Pesticide Deposition on the Operator Exposure Under Different Spraying Applications

In order to estimate the deposit of pesticides on the operator, different exposures in various parts of the body were investigated with six different application techniques and parameters. A method of using fluorescence material as tracer was used to measure the spray deposition on 15 body parts of the operator. Combined with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and factor analysis (FA), multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify distinct contaminants degree among various parts of the body. Cluster Analysis gave a mathematical operation of the raw data which could be cluster reasonably into different groups and factor analysis was applied to study the distribution characteristics of 15 body parts. Both of the two statistical results certified that feet and curs were the two highest parts of pesticide deposition among the whole body of operator investigated, respectively 58.5%, 35.8%. And also it was realized that optimized spraying applications and advanced knapsack sprayers could reduce the hazard of body exposure. The results obtained by the two methods closely matched each other, and both successfully showed the great difference of pesticide deposition in different body parts of operator using different techniques, which provided basis on effectively controlling and reducing exposure of operator that needed to be protected most.