果园施药关键技术研究进展

水果产业一直是中国的传统优势产业,实现水果生产机械化对促进水果产业持续健康发展具有重要意义。果园施药作为水果生产中的一个重要环节,其机械化程度直接影响水果生产机械化水平。分别从喷头技术、气力辅助喷雾技术、静电喷雾技术、在线混药技术、自动对靶技术、变量施药技术、病虫害监测技术等角度出发,分析国内外果园施药关键技术的研究进展。指出国内果园种植模式不统一,农机农艺融合不足,施药通用技术和关键部件的创新不足,果园农机制造企业资金不足、技术创新能力较弱是制约我国果园施药技术研究与推广的主要因素。为促进果园施药机械与技术的创新发展,建议加强通用技术和关键部件的创新研究,注重基础理论研究与支撑,加快多技术融合发展并进一步推动农机农艺融合,在实现果园施药机械化和自动化的前提下,进一步提高精准化、智能化及信息化水平。

Research progress on key technology of orchard spraying

Fruit industry has always been a traditional dominant industry in China.It is of great significance to promote the sustainable and healthy development of fruit industry by realizing the mechanization of fruit production.As an important part of fruit production,the mechanization of orchard spraying directly affects the mechanization level of fruit production.From the perspective of nozzle technology,air assisted spraying technology,electrostatic spraying technology,online mixing technology,automatic target detection technology,variable spraying technology and pest monitoring technology,the research progress of the key technology in orchard spraying at home and abroad are analyzed.The paper points out the inconsistency of domestic orchard planting patterns,the lack of agronomic integration of agricultural machinery,the lack of innovation in general techniques of application and key components,insufficient funds and weak technical innovation capacity of orchard machinery manufacturing enterprises are the main factors restricting the research and promotion of orchard application technology in China.In order to promote the innovation and development of orchard spraying machinery and technology,this paper suggests that the innovative research of general technology and key components should be done firstly,then pay attention to the basic theoretical research and support,accelerate the integration of multi technology development and further promote the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy,finally improve the accuracy,intelligence and information level under the premise of realizing the mechanization and automation of orchard spraying.