气吸式水稻逐粒排列装置吸附试验分析

针对水稻种子批量单粒活力检测的要求,设计气吸式种子逐粒排列装置,选取中嘉早17、甬优538和中浙优10三种不同外形的水稻为试验对象,以吸空率、单粒吸附率和复粒吸附率为考核指标,对影响水稻种子吸附特性的各因素:种子的形状、吸嘴直径d、吸附压力p_0和吸嘴转速ω等进行试验研究和分析。试验结果表明:种子形状对种子的吸附特性影响较大,吸嘴直径和吸附压力对吸附率影响显著,吸嘴转速对吸附率影响不显著;吸空率与吸嘴直径和吸附压力负相关,单粒吸附率随吸嘴直径的增加先增后降,随吸附压力的增加长径比小的先增后降、长径比大的先降后增;复粒吸附率与吸嘴直径和吸附压力正相关;最终确定三种种子的最优吸附参数,中嘉早17在吸附压力为9 kPa,吸嘴直径为1.5 mm,吸嘴转速为22.5 r/min条件下,最大单粒吸附率为91.7%;甬优538在吸附压力为5 kPa,吸嘴直径为1.5 mm,吸嘴转速为16.875 r/min条件下,最大单粒吸附率为92.5%;中浙优10在吸附压力为5 kPa,吸嘴直径为1.25 mm,吸嘴转速为22.5 r/min条件下,最大单粒吸附率为85.84%;三组种子最低有效吸附率86.7%,完全能够满足高光谱单粒检测4～6粒/s的要求。

Analysis of adsorption test of rice grain by grain arrangement device by air suction

According to the requirement of a single grain viability test of rice seeds in batch, an air suction seed arrangement device was designed. In this study, three kinds of rice with different shapes, Zhongjiazao 17, Yongyou 538, and Zhongzheyou 10, were selected as the experimental samples. With the air absorption rate, single grain adsorption rate, and multiple grain adsorption rates as the assessment indexes, the factors affecting the adsorption characteristics of rice seeds were investigated. The seed shape, nozzle diameter d, adsorption pressure p0, and nozzle speed ω were studied and analyzed. The results showed that the shape of the seed had a great effect on the adsorption characteristics of the seed, the diameter and pressure of the nozzle had a significant effect on the adsorption rate, and the rotation speed of the nozzle had no significant effect on the adsorption rate. The suction rate was negatively correlated with the nozzle diameter and adsorption pressure. The adsorption rate of single particle first increased and then decreased with an increase in the nozzle diameter, the length to diameter ratio of small particles first increased and then decreased with an increase in the adsorption pressure, and the length to diameter ratio of large particles first decreased and then increased with an increase in the adsorption pressure. The adsorption rate of compound particles was positively correlated with nozzle diameter and adsorption pressure. Finally, the optimal adsorption parameters of the three seeds were determined, under the conditions of adsorption pressure was 9 kPa, nozzle diameter was 1.5 mm, and nozzle speed was 22.5 r/min, the maximum single adsorption rate of Zhongjiazao 17 was 91.7%. Under the conditions of adsorption pressure was 5 kPa, nozzle diameter was 1.5 mm, and nozzle speed was 16.875 r/min, the maximum single adsorption rate of Yongyou 538 was 92.5%. Under the conditions of adsorption pressure was 5 kPa, nozzle diameter was 1.25 mm, and nozzle speed was 22.5 r/min, the maximum single adsorption rate of Zhongzheyou 10 was 85.84%. The lowest effective adsorption rate of the three groups of seeds was 86.7%, which fully met the requirement of hyperspectral detection of 4-6 seeds /s for a single seed.