集雨种植模式对小麦-玉米周年农田土壤水分及作物产量的影响

目的]针对关中地区冬小麦-夏玉米周年的生产特点,将垄沟集雨种植技术应用于作物周年生产,以期为冬小麦-夏玉米周年生产体系种植模式的改良提供依据。方法]以西农979、郑单958为试验材料,设传统平作(CK)、垄沟配置为40cm∶40cm(R-F40)、40cm∶60cm(R-F60)、40cm∶80cm(R-F80)4个处理,探讨冬小麦-夏玉米周年生产条件下不同垄沟配置方式对农田土壤水分及作物产量的影响。结果]小麦季R-F60和R-F80处理水分利用效率(WUE)增加;垄沟集雨各处理小麦籽粒产量随种植沟宽度增加呈上升趋势,其中R-F60、R-F80处理较CK仅减产1.75%、1.67%;集雨各处理灌溉水利用效率(IUE)显著提高,并随种植沟宽度增加增幅减小。在玉米季,集雨各处理WUE、产量显著提高,且随着种植沟变宽呈先增后降趋势。小麦-玉米周年WUE、产量显著增加,其中以垄沟配置为40cm∶60cm(R-F60)处理增幅最大,分别较CK增加12.75%、7.98%。结论]垄沟集雨种植技术是调控作物高效节水的可行途径,其中R-F60处理是优化该地区冬小麦-夏玉米二熟制种植体系稳产高效节水的理想集雨栽培模式。

Soil Moisture Dynamic and Crop Production of a Rainfed Wheat-summer Maize Rotation System

【Objective】The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of ridge-furrow rain collecting system in improving the production of winter wheat-summer maize rotation cropping system.【Method】Maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 and wheat Xinong 979 were used as the model plants. We considered four treatments: traditional flat-tillage(CK), ridge-furrow tillage at 40 cm∶40 cm(R-F40), 40 cm∶60 cm(R-F60), and 40 cm∶80 cm(RF80).【Result】Water use efficiency(WUE) of R-F60 and R-F80 was higher than that in other treatments, and the yield of wheat grain increased with the furrow spacing. The water use efficiency(IUE) of the ridge-furrow rain collecting system firstly increased and then deceased as the furrow spacing increased. The system also increased the WUE and yield of the maize. Similarly, as the furrows increased, the yield first increased but followed by a decline. Overall, the system increased the yield and WUE of both wheat and maize, especially the R-F60 which increased the yield of wheat and maize by 12.75% and 7.98% respectively, compared to CK.【Conclusion】The ridge-furrow rain collecting system is an effective method to improve efficient use of rainfall and production of maize-wheat rotation cropping system in arid and semi-arid regions.