中国黄连木的地理分布与生境气候特征分析

黄连木作为一种可再生的绿色能源——生物柴油的重要来源，是当前极具发展潜力的木本油料植物之一，已经引起了人们的广泛关注和极大重视。本文在分析《中国植物志》、分省植物志和涉及能源植物资源分布研究文献的基础上，绘出中国境内黄连木的自然地理分布图。根据其自然地理分布区的北界气象条件分析探讨确定黄连木生长的气候指标，并着重分析黄连木分布区的气候特征，总结出黄连木生长对热量、日照、水分等气候因素的生态适应性。由黄连木分布北界气候特征分析推出黄连木生长的气候指标：年均温不低于5．8℃，1月均温不低于-8℃，1月极端低温不低于-26．5℃，7月均温高于13．8℃，年降水量不少于300mm。黄连木主要分布于年均温10℃左右或以上、1月均温约为0℃、7月均温20～30℃、年降水量1000mm左右、无霜期平均不少于140d、且最冷月极端低温大于-20℃的地区。研究结果可为能源植物～—黄连木的引种、发展和利用提供参考。

Geographical Distribution and Climate Characteristics of Habitat of Pistacia chinensis Bunge in China

Nowadays, biodiesel obtained from woody energy plant has been considered a promising option. The Pistacia chinensis Bunge, as a green energy, is gained more and more attention. According to the flora of China and others available literatures on energy plants in China, the geographical distribution on map of Pistacia chinensis Bunge was required. Based on the meteorological data in the north boundary of the distribution areas, the climate indices including thermal conditions, sunshine condition and precipitation for the growth of Pistacia chinensis Bunge were evaluated. The growth of Pistacia chinensis Bunge in the north boundary required the annual average temperature above 5.8℃ , the average temperature in January not lower than -8℃ , the minimum temperature in January not lower than -26.5℃, average temperature in July higher than 13.8℃ , the annual precipitation more than 300mm. In the main distribution area of Pistacia chinensis Bunge, the annual average temperature was above 10℃ , the average temperature in January was about 0℃ , the average temperature in July was in the range of 20-30℃ , the annual precipitation was about 1000mm, the average frostless period was not longer than 140 days, and the minimum temperature in January was above -20℃. The results summarized in this paper provided the references for the introduced plant and utilization of the Pistacia chinensis Bunge as energy plant.