江苏省小麦参试品种（系）产量与产量构成因素分析

旨在明确江苏淮南和淮北麦区小麦产量构成因素对产量影响的相对重要性,采用相关和通径分析法,对江苏省2019—2020年度预备试验101个小麦品种（系）的产量及其构成因素进行分析。结果表明,淮南和淮北小麦品种（系）的平均产量分别为7739.1 kg/hm²和8560.3 kg/hm²。相关分析表明,淮南小麦产量构成因素与产量均呈正相关,其中千粒重与产量呈极显著正相关;淮北小麦穗数与产量呈极显著正相关,穗粒数与产量呈显著负相关,千粒重与产量呈不显著正相关。偏相关分析表明,产量三因素与产量均呈极显著正相关,而三因素间均呈极显著负相关。通径分析表明,淮南以千粒重对产量的作用最大,淮北以穗数对产量的贡献最大。淮南小麦高产育种策略应重视穗重型品种选择,而淮北则应加强多穗型品种选择。

Analysis of Yield and Its Components of Wheat Varieties (Lines) in Jiangsu Province

The study aims to revealing the relative importance of the yield components affecting the wheat yield in Huainan and Huaibei area of Jiangsu Province. The yield and its components of 101 wheat varieties (lines) in the 2019-2020 preparatory test in the province were analyzed by correlation and path analysis. The results showed that the average yield of wheat varieties (lines) in Huainan and Huaibei area was 7739.1 kg/hm² and 8560.3 kg/hm², respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the yield components had positive correlation with the yield in the Huainan area, and 1000-grain weight was significantly and positively correlated with the yield. In the Huaibei area, the spike number was significantly and positively correlated with the yield, while grain number per spike was significantly and negatively correlated with the yield, and there was a no-significant positive correlation between 1000-grain weight and the yield. The partial correlation analysis showed that the three yield components had a significantly positive correlation with wheat yield, while there was a significantly negative correlation among the three components. Path analysis showed that 1000-grain weight had the greatest direct contribution to the yield in the Huainan area, and the spike number had the greatest contribution to the yield in the Huaibei area. The high yield breeding strategy of wheat in the Huainan area should pay attention to the selection of heavy spike varieties, while the selection of multi-spike varieties should be strengthened in the Huaibei area.