洱海流域不同种植模式稻田生态系统服务价值评估

为研究不同种植模式稻田生态系统的服务功能价值，通过田间试验，设置Y-OL（70%化肥+30%牛粪-水稻-黑麦草）、Y-OV（70%化肥+30%牛粪-水稻-紫花苕）、Y-ON（70%化肥+30%牛粪-水稻-冬闲）3种优化施肥轮作处理，以常规施肥单作处理C-ON（100%化肥-水稻-冬闲）为对照，结合功能价值评价法和当量因子法对稻田生态系统的服务功能价值进行估算。结果表明，Y-OL和Y-OV处理稻田生态系统服务功能价值分别为169 669元·hm^-2和168 405元·hm^-2，Y-ON处理为99 247元·hm^-2，C-ON处理为72 717元·hm^-2；Y-OL和Y-OV处理服务功能总价值均显著高于Y-ON和C-ON处理，且Y-ON处理服务功能总价值显著高于C-ON处理（P<0.05）。其中，优化施肥轮作处理的农产品经济价值、气体调节价值、消纳废弃物价值、水质净化价值、土壤有机质积累价值、营养物质循环价值、生物多样性价值和美学景观价值均显著高于常规施肥单作处理（P<0.05）。优化施肥轮作处理中，水稻-紫花苕轮作的水质净化价值和营养物质循环价值显著高于水稻-黑麦草轮作（P<0.05）。综上所述，70%化肥+30%牛粪-水稻-黑麦草轮作和70%化肥+30%牛粪-水稻-紫花苕轮作的种植模式能有效提高稻田生态系统的服务功能价值，并且70%化肥+30%牛粪-水稻-紫花苕轮作模式效果更佳。

Evaluation of the service function value of rice field ecosystem with different planting patterns in Erhai Lake basin

Field experiments were conducted to study the service function value of rice field ecosystems with different planting patterns. Using Y-OL(70% chemical fertilizer+ 30% cow manure-rice-Lolium multiflorum Lamk.), Y-OV(70% chemical fertilizer + 30% cow manure-rice-Vicia villosa Rothvar), and Y-ON(70% chemical fertilizer +30% cow manure-rice-winter fallow), three rotation treatments were conducted, and conventional fertilization and tillage mode C-ON(100% chemical fertilizer-rice-winter fallow)were used as the control. The functional value evaluation method and equivalent factor method were combined to estimate the service function value of the rice field ecosystem. Results showed that the service function values of the rice field ecosystem services in the Y-OL and Y-OV treatments were 169 669 yuan·hm^-2 and 168 405 yuan·hm^-2, respectively; the Y-ON and C-ON treatments yielded 99 247 yuan·hm^-2 and 72 717 yuan·hm^-2, respectively. The processing value of the Y-OL and Y-OV functions was significantly higher than that of Y-ON and C-ON, and the total value of the Y-ON processing service function was significantly higher than that of the C-ON processing(P<0.05). Among them, the economic values of agricultural products, gas regulation, waste absorption, water purification, soil organic matter accumulation, nutrient recycling, biodiversity, and aesthetic landscapes of optimized fertilization and rotation were significantly higher than those of the conventional fertilization method(P<0.05). In the optimized fertilization rotation, the water purification and nutrient cycle values of the rice-Vicia villosa Rothvar rotation were significantly higher than those of the rice-Lolium multiflorum Lamk. rotation(P<0.05). In summary, 70% chemical fertilizer + 30% cow manure-rice-Lolium multiflorum Lamk and 70% chemical fertilizer + 30% cow manure-rice-Vicia villosa Rothvar could effectively improve the functional service value of the rice field ecosystem, with the 70% chemical fertilizer+ 30% cow manure-rice-Vicia villosa Rothvar demonstrating a better effect.