云南省草果主要病原真菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选

为了明确引起云南草果植株主要病害的病原真菌种类,筛选能有效抑制分离病原菌的杀菌剂,为草果病害化学防治提供依据。采用组织分离法纯化培养,并通过形态学鉴定并结合ITS,TEF,ACT和GAPDH序列分析确定病原菌的分类地位;通过菌丝生长速率法,明确7种杀菌剂对草果主要病害的防治效果。结果表明,分离到的菌株为禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)和胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)。防治药剂筛选结果显示,对于禾谷镰刀菌,所选的7种杀菌剂中京彩的防治效果达到93%以上。对于胶孢炭疽菌,代森锰锌在田间推荐量区间内可以实现百分百防治。蓝楷、京彩、施灰乐低浓度时对胶孢炭疽菌的防治效果均达到了90%以上。推荐京彩、施灰乐,代森锰锌和蓝楷作为云南省草果主要真菌病害的优选兼治药剂。

Amomum tsao-ko in Yunnan Province: Identification of Major Pathogenic Fungi and Screening of Control Fungicides

In order to identify the fungal pathogens causing the main diseases of Amomum tsao-ko in Yunnan, screen the fungicides which can effectively inhibit the pathogens, and provide a basis for chemical control of Amomum tsao-ko diseases, tissue separation and purification culture were conducted, and the classification status of pathogens were identified and analyzed with morphology identification and ITS, TEF, ACT and GAPDH sequence analysis. The control effects of 7 fungicides on Amomum tsao-ko diseases were studied by using mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that the isolated strains were Fusarium graminearum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Screening results of control agents showed that the inhibition rate of the F. graminearum reached 93% by Jingcai. Within the recommended range in field, the inhibition rate of the C. gloeosporioides reached 100% by Mancozeb. Lankai, Jingcai and Shihuile all achieved more than 90% control effect at low concentration. Jingcai, Shihuile, Mancozeb and Lankai are recommended as the optimal fungicides for Amomum tsao-ko fungal diseases in Yunnan Province.