有机硅土壤调理剂和功能肥对盐碱地的改良及向日葵产量的影响

为探讨有机硅土壤调理剂和有机硅功能底肥对河套灌区盐碱土壤碱化度、养分有效性及作物增产效果,在内蒙古巴彦淖尔市五原县通过采取田间小区试验设置3个处理：（1）有机硅土壤调理剂45 kg/hm²,有机硅功能肥7.5 kg/hm²;（2）有机硅土壤调理剂75 kg/hm²,有机硅功能底肥5 kg/hm²;（3）磷酸二铵 16.3 kg/hm²,氯化钾16.5 kg/hm²,尿素11.5 kg/hm²。结果表明：施用有机硅土壤调理剂后,可增加向日葵百粒重,进而增加向日葵产量,且随着有机硅土壤调理剂施用量的增加,向日葵产量呈上升趋势,施用量为75 kg/hm²时,增产幅度为9.0%,增产效果显著。在基施有机硅土壤调理剂45 kg/hm²和追施有机硅功能肥7.5 kg/hm²的前提下经济效益最佳,施用有机硅土壤调理剂后,可增加土壤有效养分,降低土壤pH、含盐量、碱化度和容重,可有效提高耕地质量和修复障碍层次。

Effects of Organosilicone Soil Conditioner and Functional Fertilizer on Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Sunflower Yield

To investigate the effects of organosilicone soil conditioner and organosilicone functional base fertilizer on the alkalization degree of saline-alkali soil and the increase of crop yield in Hetao irrigation area, three treatments were set up through field plot experiment in Wuyuan County, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia: (1) organosilicone soil conditioner 45 kg/hm² and organosilicone functional fertilizer 7.5 kg/hm²; (2) organosilicone soil conditioner 75 kg/hm² and organosilicone functional base fertilizer 5 kg/hm²; (3) diammonium phosphate 16.3 kg/hm², potassium chloride 16.5 kg/hm², and urea 11.5 kg/hm². The results showed that the application of organosilicone soil conditioner could increase the 100-grain weight of sunflower, and then increase the yield of sunflower. With the increase of the application amount of organosilicone soil conditioner, the yield of sunflower showed an upward trend. When the application amount of organosilicone soil conditioner was 75 kg/hm², the yield increase range was 9.0%, and the yield increase effect was significant. Under the premise of 45 kg/hm² of organosilicone soil conditioner and 7.5 kg/hm² of organosilicone functional fertilizer, the economic benefit was the best. The application of organosilicone soil conditioner could increase the soil available nutrients, reduce the soil pH, salt content, alkalinity and bulk density, and effectively improve the quality of cultivated land, restore soil condition and reduce the level of obstacles to plant growth.