水肥一体化条件下不同灌水量对甜菜产质量的影响

通过对甜菜在苗期、叶丛繁茂期、块根糖分增长期和糖分积累期的生理所需进行控水灌溉,研究不同灌水量对甜菜产质量的影响,确定少水、多糖、高产的最佳灌水方案,为甜菜节水灌溉提供理论依据,指导甜菜生产科学灌溉。试验设置3312.75、4005.30、4697.85、5390.40、6082.95、6775.50 m³/hm²等6个灌水梯度,在苗期、叶丛繁茂期、块根糖分增长期和糖分积累期分别按各生长期需水比例灌入不同水量,收获时测定甜菜含糖率、产量和产糖量,分析水分利用效率(WUE)和灌溉水分利用效率(IWUE)。结果表明,灌水量对甜菜含糖率、产量和产糖量影响明显,全生育期灌水量为3312.80 m³/hm²时甜菜的产质量处于较低水平,随着灌水量的逐渐增加,甜菜的含糖率、产量和产糖量呈现上升趋势,全生育期灌水量为4697.90 m³/hm²时甜菜的含糖率、块根产量和产糖量均为最高,但当灌水量高于4697.90 m³/hm²时甜菜的含糖率、块根产量和产糖量开始下降,在灌水量为6775.55 m³/hm²时,甜菜的含糖率、块根产量和产糖量均为最低。因此在新疆石河子地区甜菜全生育期灌水7次时,总灌水量在4697.90 m³/hm²,可以使甜菜含糖率、产量和产糖量达到最佳。

Effect of Different Irrigation Amounts on Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet Under Water Fertilizer Coupling Condition

The study aims to explore the effects of different irrigation amounts on the yield and quality of sugar beet, and to determine the best irrigation scheme with less water and high sugar beet yield and sugar content, so as to provide a theoretical basis for water saving irrigation in sugar beet production. Six irrigation gradients (3312.75, 4005.30, 4697.85, 5390.40, 6082.95 and 6775.50 m³/hm²) were set up in the experiment. Different water amounts were injected according to the proportion of water demand in each growth period at seedling stage, leaf cluster flourishing stage, root tuber sugar growth stage and sugar accumulation stage, respectively, water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were analyzed. The results show that irrigation amount has significant effect on sugar content, yield and sugar yield of sugarbeet. The yield and quality of sugarbeet are at a low level when the irrigation amount is 3312.80 m³/hm² in the whole growth period. With the gradual increase of irrigation amount, sugar content, yield and sugar yield of sugarbeet show upward trends. When the irrigation amount is 4697.90 m³/hm² in the whole growth period, sugar content, root yield and sugar yield of sugarbeet are the highest, however, when the irrigation amount is higher than 4697.90 m³/hm², sugar content, root tuber yield and sugar yield of sugarbeet begin to decline. When the irrigation amount is 6775.55 m³/hm², sugar content, root tuber yield and sugar yield of sugarbeet are the lowest. Therefore, in Shihezi area of Xinjiang, the total irrigation amount is 4697.90 m³/hm² when the sugarbeet is irrigated seven times during the whole growth period, which could make the sugar content, yield and sugar yield of sugarbeet the best.