综合指数法定量评价地膜产品综合效应初探

目前,地膜产品应用效果的评价方法难以兼顾作物产量、成本、土壤残膜状况、土壤肥力和地膜机械性能等综合因素。笔者采用戒上型隶属函数确定考核指标的隶属度值,采用相关分析法确定考核指标的权重系数,应用综合指数法定量地对以花生覆膜为例的不同地膜产品应用综合效果的评价方法做初步探讨。数据基于3年定位试验,研究了裸地栽培、普通PE地膜、全生物可降解地膜、光氧生物双降解地膜在东北风沙半干旱区花生产量、土壤肥力综合养分指数、经济成本、地膜残留量、地膜机械性能等指标上的地膜应用综合效果。试验结果显示,对于一种地膜应用效果评价的影响因子顺序依次为地膜机械性能综合指数、经济成本、产量、土壤肥力综合养分指数、地膜残留量。全生物可降解地膜处理和光氧生物双降解地膜处理的地膜应用综合效益评价指数,分别比普通PE地膜处理高出90.58%和24.23%,全生物可降解地膜比光生物双降解地膜综合效应指标高出了53.41%。3种地膜产品通过综合因子定量分析,建议在风沙土区花生生产中推广应用全生物可降解地膜。

Quantitative Assessment on Comprehensive Effects of Mulching Films by Integrated Evaluation Index Method

In view of the fact that current evaluation method on mulching-film cannot take the comprehensive factors such as crop yield, cost, film residue in soil, soil fertility and mechanical properties of mulching-film into account, in this paper, integrated evaluation index (IEI) was used to quantitatively assess the mulching effects on peanut with different mulching-film products. The membership rates of each index in IEI were determined by upper limited membership function and weight values of evaluation indexes were calculated by correlation analysis method. Based on a three-year location test in sandy soil in northeast China’s semi-arid area, the comprehensive effects of no mulching-film (CK), PE film (PE), biodegradable film (T1) and light-biogenic degradable film (T2) on peanut inter-annual yield, soil quality index (SNI), cost, film residual quantity and film mechanical properties index (MPI) were studied. The results showed that the order of influencing factors for the evaluation of mulching-film products was: MPI, cost, yield, SNI, and film residual quantity. IEI of biodegradable film (T1) and light-biogenic degradable film (T2) was 90.58% and 24.23% higher than that of PE, respectively, IEI of biodegradable film (T1) was 53.41% higher than that of light-biogenic degradable film (T2). Therefore, biodegradable film application is proposed for peanut production in sandy soil in semi-arid area.