陕西省畜禽粪尿养分资源及耕地负荷分析

研究陕西省畜禽粪尿养分资源情况及其环境污染风险。基于统计年鉴及相关文献,估算畜禽粪尿随时间变化、区域分布和耕地负荷,系统分析畜禽粪尿环境污染现状。2009—2017年间,陕西省畜禽粪尿资源呈先增后降的变化趋势,2014年畜禽粪尿资源量和养分量分别是7118.36×10⁴、86.76×10⁴ t,为历年最大值。畜禽具有地域性特点,陕北、关中和陕南分别以羊、牛、猪养殖为主,全省畜禽粪尿负荷为22.36 t/hm²,氮、磷、钾养分负荷分别为111.59、58.56、104.22 kg/hm²,畜禽粪尿养分总量约为农用化肥施用量的35.63%。陕西省畜禽粪尿总体在环境承载力允许范围,杨凌示范区、安康市、汉中市、咸阳市和宝鸡市存在环境污染风险。榆林市、杨凌示范区、安康市、商洛市和汉中市畜禽粪尿养分资源替代化肥潜力大,合理利用能有效推动化肥使用量零增长。

Analysis of Nutrient Resource and Cropland Load from Animal Manure in Shaanxi Province

The objective of this study is to investigate the nutrient resource of animal manure and its environmental pollution risks in Shaanxi Province. This paper estimated the time variation, regional distribution and cropland load of animal manure amount based on the provincial statistical data from yearbook and relevant literature. The environmental risk of animal manure pollution was systematically analyzed. From 2009 to 2017, the amount of animal manure in the whole province presented a trend of first increase and then decrease, with the animal manure amount and nutrients’ amount of 7118.36 × 10⁴ t and 86.76 × 10⁴ t respectively in 2014, being the maximum amount of all the years. Livestock and poultry had geographical characteristics, e.g., sheep, cattle and pigs were the main breeding in northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi, respectively. The animal manure load in the province was 22.36 t/hm², while the nutrient load of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 111.59, 58.56 and 104.22 kg/hm², respectively. The total nutrients’ amount of animal manure was about 35.63% of the amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer. The amount of animal manure in Shaanxi Province is within the allowable range of environmental carrying capacity. The risk of environmental pollution exists in Yangling Demonstration Zone, Ankang City, Hanzhong City, Xianyang City and Baoji City. The nutrient resource of animal manure has great potential to replace chemical fertilizer in Yulin City, Yangling Demonstration Zone, Ankang City, Shangluo City and Hanzhong City, while the rational use of the resource can effectively promote zero growth in chemical fertilizer use.