青崖寨自然保护区农户生态补偿意愿与生计资本研究

为缓解生态保护与当地可持续发展的矛盾,本文以河北省青崖寨自然保护区为例,采用调查问卷和条件价值评估法,研究分析当地农户生态补偿意愿与生计资本。结果表明,保护区农户平均生态补偿意愿期望值为4148元/hm²,农户需求的主要补偿方式为现金补偿,其次为政策补偿和实物补偿,技术补偿需求度最低。农户政策补偿需求最高的两项分别为惠农政策、完善社会保障制度;实物补偿中,农户对粮食和有机化肥、环保农药的需求分别位于第一、第二位;在技术补偿方面,对果木蔬菜种植技术、农业种植和农产品加工技术需求度高。保护区自然资本为0.1812,人力资本为0.4431,物质资本为0.1638,金融资本为0.4165,社会资本为0.2998。生计资本总体发展不平衡,呈现脆弱性,且不同受偿意愿农户的生计资本呈现差异性。本研究为当地制定生态补偿政策,构建当地自然保护区生态补偿机制提供一定参考。

Farmers’ Ecological Compensation Willingness and Livelihood Capital in Qingyazhai Nature Reserve

To alleviate the contradiction between ecological protection and local sustainable development, this paper took the Qingyazhai Nature Reserve in Hebei Province as an example, used questionnaires and conditional value assessment method to analyze the willingness of local farmers to accept ecological compensation and their livelihood capital. The results showed that the average expected value of ecological compensation willingness of farmers in the reserve was 4148 yuan/hm². The main form of compensation for farmers was cash compensation, followed by policy compensation and in-kind compensation, with the lowest demand on technical compensation. The highest compensation demands by farmers were preferential policies for farmers and the improvement of the social security system. Among the in-kind compensation, farmers’ demand for grain and organic fertilizers ranked the first, and the demand for environmental pesticides ranked the second. In terms of technical compensation, there was a high demand for fruit and vegetable planting technology, agricultural planting technology and agricultural product processing technology. The natural capital of the reserve was 0.1812, the human capital was 0.4431, the physical capital was 0.1638, the financial capital was 0.4165, and the social capital was 0.2998. The overall development of livelihood capital was unbalanced, showing vulnerability, and the livelihood capital of farmers with different compensation willingness was different. This research is of significance for the formulation of ecological compensation policies in the study area and the construction of reasonable ecological compensation mechanisms.