蔬菜作物长期施用含氯肥对土壤相关性质的影响

 对两组各种植21茬不同蔬菜作物连续施用含氯肥(氯化铵)11年的长期定位试验进行分析。结果表明，连续施入氯化铵，土壤pH较初始土壤pH降低0.42～0.45。施用含氯肥，0～20 cm土层pH与氯离子含量呈显著负相关。而施用非含氯肥氯离子与pH无相关性。11年20茬蔬菜总计施入氯9 702 kg·ha-1，两组处理区0～60 cm土层氯离子残留率分别为6.2%和7.2%。施入的氯76.6%和74.7%被淋洗到60 cm土层以下。植株带走的氯分别占17.2%和18.1%。施用含氯肥处理土壤氯离子含量显著高于非含氯肥料处理。表层土壤氯离子含量变幅较大，尤以返盐期表层氯离子含量变化最大。11年未施氯处理，绝大多数时间土壤氯离子含量在100 mg·kg-1以下，变幅很小。蔬菜作物长期施氯，土壤氯离子并未出现随施氯年限增加而在土壤中有逐年累积的趋势。

Study on Effects of Long-Term Application of Chloride-Contained Fertilizer to Vegetables on Related Soil Properties

Twenty-one different kinds of vegetable crops were planted on two plots for 11years. Long-term fixed experiments for the 11-year continuous application of ammonium chloride were carried on two plots. The results indicated that soil pH decreased by 0.42-0.45 unit compared with the starting value after 11 years of application of ammonium chloride. There was a high negative correlation between soil pH and soil chloride content in 0-20 cm depth soil layer in chloride-contained fertilizer treatment. No correlation between soil pH and soil chloride content in the non chloride-contained fertilizer treatment was found. Total 9 702 kg·ha-1 chloride were input within 11 years for 20 crops but 76.6% and 74.7% of total input chloride were leached under 60 cm depth soil layer in two experiments, respectively. The 17.2% and 18.1% of total input chloride，respectively, were taken away by vegetable crops. The chloride residue rates were 6.2% and 7.2% in 0-60 cm depth soil layer, respectively. Soil chloride contents were much higher in treatments of ammonium chloride than in treatments of non chloride-contained fertilizer. The varied range of chloride contents in the topsoil was large especially in the salt accumulative period in different years. Most of the soil chloride contents were under 100 mg·kg-1 and the varied range was small in the treatments of no chloride-contained fertilizer in 11 years. There was no increasing trend of chloride ion in the soil with the increased ammonium chloride application year by year.