膜下小苗移栽对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响

目的]研究膜下小苗移栽对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响。方法]开展不同移栽期膜下小苗移栽与常规移栽对比试验,记载分析各小区烟株生长发育和产质指标。结果]4月25日膜下小苗移栽提高了烟株移栽成活率,花叶病相对防效提高了60.95%,黑胫病相对防效提高了51.61%;增强了田间长势和抗病性,大田生育期缩短,终采期提前,能有效避开大田后期的低温多雨;膜下小苗移栽方式能减少烟叶烟碱和对烟叶质量不利的氯离子含量,提高烟叶钾含量,有利于烟叶化学成分的协调和内在品质的提高;在产量与品质方面,4月25日移栽的烤烟均价和产值最高,经济性状表现出明显的优势。移栽苗龄较小的处理T1移栽成活率有所降低,各经济性状略低于CK,说明小苗移栽尽管有利于生育期提前,能避开前期干旱和后期低温冷害的影响,但不是越早越好。结论]豫西烟区4月25日膜下小苗移栽较为适宜。

Effect of Transplanting Tobacco Seedlings under Plastic Film on Tobacco Growth and Production and Quality

Objective] To study the effect of transplanting tobacco seedlings under plastic film on tobacco growth and production and quality.Method] A comparative experiment of transplanting seedling and conventional transplanting under different transplanting period was carried out,the growth and development of tobacco plants and their quality indexes were analyzed.Result] The survival rate of the tobacco plant was increased by the small seedling transplanting on April 25.The anti-effect of the mosaic disease increased by 60.95％,and the prevention of the black tibia increased by 51.61％.The field growth and disease resistance were enhanced,the growth period of the field was shortened and the final harvest was advanced,it can effectively avoid the low temperature and rain in the late fields.Submembrane seedling transplanting method can reduce the content of nicotinic and chloride ion,increase the potassium content of tobacco leaf,it was conducive to the improvement of the coordination and intrinsic quality of the chemical composition of tobacco leaf.In terms of yield and quality,the average price and output value of the tobacco on April 25 was the highest,economic traits showed obvious advantages,the survival rate of T1 transplanting was reduced,the economic traits were slightly lower than CK.It was suggested that seedling transplanting may be beneficial to the early stage of growth,it can avoid the effects of early drought and later cold,but not the sooner the better.Conclusion] It was appropriate to transplant the seedlings on April 25.