油菜半矮杆新品系10D130株型性状的遗传分析

株型改良是油菜高产、优质育种的主攻方向之一。矮杆及半矮杆株型有利于提高植株抗倒伏能力和经济系数、减少收获难度。10D130是一个半矮杆新品系, 用10D130和常规优良品种中双11杂交, 构建6世代遗传群体(P₁、F₁、P₂、B₁、B₂和F₂), 以主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对该组合株高及其关联性状进行遗传分析。结果表明, 10D130×中双11组合株高、分枝部位、主花序长度的遗传均受到1对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制(D-0模型)。其中, 株高性状加性效应值为–8.58, 显性效应值为7.44, 主基因遗传率在B₁、B₂和F₂中分别为23.52%、0.91%和17.81%；一次有效分枝起始部位的1对主基因加性效应值为–22.11, 显性效应值为3.13, 主基因遗传率在B₁、B₂和F₂中分别为49.95%、40.85%和61.15%；主花序长的主基因加性效应值为–2.21, 显性效应值为1.6, 主基因遗传率在B₁、B₂和F₂中分别为0.68%、47.94%和40.07%。一次有效分枝间距的最适宜遗传模型为E-1模型(2对加-显-上位性主基因+加-显-上位性多基因混合遗传模型), 其中第1对主基因加性效应值为–0.55、显性效应值为–1.66, 第2对主基因加性效应值为0.74、显性效应值为–1.29, 均表现超显性遗传, 主基因遗传率在B₁、B₂和F₂三个分离世代群体中分别为10.99%、38.65%和44.10%。一次有效分枝部位高度、主花序长、有效分枝节间距和有效分枝数与株高均呈显著正相关。

Genetic Analysis of Plant Type in Semi-Dwarf New Line (10D130) of Rapeseed

Improvement of plant types is one of main methods to increase yield and qualities of rapeseed. Dwarf and semi-dwarf plant types help for enhancements of lodging resistance and harvest index. Six generations (P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, B₁, and B₂) were produced from a cross between semi-dwarf 10D130 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11) to analyze inheritances of plant height, branch height, length of main inflorescence, valid branch space and numbers of valid branch in rapeseed (Brassica napus) by the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. The results showed that the plant height, branch height, length of main inflorescence and valid branch space of 10D130×ZS11 were dominated by a pair of major gene with additive-dominant-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects (D-0 model). The additive effect and dominant effect of major gene of plant height were –8.58 and 7.44, and the heritability of the major gene in B₁, B₂, and F₂ was 23.52%, 0.91%, and17.81%, respectively. The additive effect and dominant effect of major gene of branch height were –22.11 and 3.13, and the heritability of the major gene in B₁, B₂ and F₂ was 49.95%, 40.85%, and 61.15%, respectively. The additive effect and dominant effect of major gene of length of main inflorescence were –2.21 and 1.6, and the heritability of the major gene of length of main inflorescence in B₁, B₂, and F₂ was 0.68%, 47.94%, and 40.07%. The first valid branch space of 10D130×ZS11 was dominated by two pairs of major gene with additive-dominant-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistasis (E-1 model). The additive effects of major genes are –0.55 and 0.74, and the dominance effects of the two major genes were –1.66 and –1.29, respectively, and the heritability of the major genes in B₁, B₂,and F₂ was 10.99%, 38.65%, and 44.10%. The branch height, length of main inflorescence, valid branch space and number of valid branch were significantly and positively correlated with plant height.