The effect of plastic mulch on the fate of urea-N in rain-fed maize production in a semiarid environment as assessed by 15N-labeling |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Department of Soil Science of Temperate and Boreal Ecosystems, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, China;1. Northwest Arid Regions of Water Conservancy Engineering State Key Laboratory, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 712100, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China;3. College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China;1. Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Open Laboratory of Arid Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystem, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;3. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa K1A 0C6, Canada;4. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil & Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;5. The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;1. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China;2. Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;1. College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;2. Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;3. Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan;4. Department of PBG, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan;1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Farming Technology Extension Center of Yuzhong County, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730100, China;3. United Nations Environment Programme, P.O. Box 47074-00100, Nairobi, Kenya;4. School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui 170-90200, Kenya |
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| Abstract: | A better understanding of the fate of fertilizer nitrogen (N) is critical to design appropriate N management strategies in plastic-mulched croplands. We evaluated the effects of plastic mulch on urea-N recovery by crops and loss from soil in furrow-ridge plots, with and without maize (Zea mays L.) cropping, in a semi-arid rain-fed site in China. We applied the same rate of urea-N (281 kg ha−1) to all treatments during the preparation of the furrow-ridges in 2011 and 2012 but 15N-labeled the urea in 2011 only. We used transparent film to cover all soil surfaces in the mulched treatments and seeded maize in furrows in treatments with crop. In 2011, plastic mulch increased the total N uptake in the aboveground biomass of maize by 53%, whereas it decreased the in-season labeled-N uptake by 19%, compared to non-mulched treatment. At harvest in 2011, in mulched treatments the total labeled-N remaining in the 0−170 cm soil layer was 25% greater whereas unaccounted labeled-N was 69% less, than in non-mulched treatments, regardless of whether maize was cropped. In 2012 the effect of mulch on total maize N uptake was comparable to that in 2011, but the residual soil labeled-N uptake by maize was 63% higher in mulched compared to non-mulched treatment. At harvest in 2012, plastic mulch increased total labeled-N remaining in the 0−170 cm depth in cropped soils and unaccounted labeled-N in non-cropped soils, compared with no mulch. Our results indicate that plastic mulch profoundly changes the fate of urea-N in maize production in cold and dry croplands. |
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| Keywords: | Plastic mulch Fertilizer nitrogen recovery Fertilizer nitrogen immobilization Ammonia volatilization Urea-nitrogen leaching |
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