退耕还林区不同植被类型土壤动物多样性特征研究

为了解退耕还林区土壤动物群落组成及结构，阐明不同植被类型下土壤动物多样性特征，选取吴起县大吉沟流域不同植被类型样地进行土壤动物调查。结果表明:1)研究区共捕获土壤动物271头，隶属于2门7纲15目，其中优势类群为鞘翅目（Coleoptera）、半翅目（Hemiptera）、膜翅目（Hymenoptera）及革翅目（Dermaptera）；2）不同植被类型下土壤动物类群数、个体数及多样性指数均存在显著差异（P<0.05）；土壤动物个体数量和多样性指数除个别植被类型外，均表现为混交林大于单一植被林；3）各样地相似性系数分析表明，不同植被类型优势类群个体数量受林地植被复杂程度的影响，同时土壤动物结构与类群正在向复杂与稳定发展。研究结果表明，不同植被类型土壤动物群落组成和多样性有所差异，同时，会形成与其相适应的土壤动物类群。

Diversity Characteristics of Soil Animals in Different Vegetation Types in the Area of Returning Farmland to Forest

In order to understand the composition and structure of soil fauna communities in the area of converting farmland to forest,and to clarify the characteristics of soil fauna diversity under different vegetation types,sample plots with different vegetation types in the Dajigou watershed in the Wuqi County were selected to conduct soil fauna surveys.The following results were obtained.1)A total of 271 soil fauna were captured in the study area,belonging to 2 phyla,7 classes and 15 orders;the dominant groups were Coleoptera,Hemiptera,Hymenoptera and Dermaptera.2)There were significant differences in the number of soil animal groups,individuals and diversity index under different vegetation types(P<0.05);generally,the number of individuals and the diversity index of soil fauna in the mixed forest were higher than those of single forest with very few exceptions.3)The analysis of the similarity coefficients of various plots showed that the number of individuals in the dominant groups of different vegetation types was affected by the complexity of the forest vegetation;and the structure and groups of soil fauna were developing complex and stable.The results of the study demonstrated that the composition and diversity of soil fauna communities of different vegetation types were different,and at the same time,suitable soil fauna groups would be formed.