虾-鱼-蟹海水养殖池塘细菌数量动态及其与理化因子的关系

对广东省汕尾地区虾-鱼-蟹海水综合养殖池塘的水体和沉积物进行每14 d一次的周期性采样,研究异养细菌、弧菌、芽孢杆菌和粪大肠菌群的变动规律及其与常见理化因子的关系.结果发现,水体环境中各类细菌的数量波动范围为:异养细菌6.4× 103～3.00× 105 CFU/mL,弧菌0.1×103～1.65×104 CFU/mL,芽孢杆菌0.06×103～1.09× 103 CFU/mL;沉积环境中各类细菌数量的波动范围为:异养细菌5.8×105～2.95×107 CFU/g,弧菌0.8×104～2.75×105 CFU/g,芽孢杆菌6.1×104～5.30×106 CFU/g.水体环境异养细菌与沉积环境异养细菌具有显著的线性正相关关系(P＜0.05),水体环境异养细菌和芽孢杆菌与水温呈线性正相关,但相关性不显著；芽孢杆菌与DO具有显著的线性正相关关系；弧菌与DO具有线性的负相关关系,但不显著.

Dynamic variation of bacteria and the relationship with water quality in marine polyculture pond

Litopenaeus vannamei, Scylla serrata and Trachinotus ovatus were polycultured in the ponds which were in Shanwei, Guangdong province, China. Samples of water and sediment were taken from those ponds every 14 days. Quantitative indices of bacteria including heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrio, Bacillus and fecal coliform were tested in laboratory; water temperature, salinity, pH value and dissolve oxygen (DO) were tested. The dynamic variation of bacteria and those water quality indices in marine polyculture pond were investigated during whole culture season. The results showed that bacteria quantity in culture water was more lower than that of bacteria in sediment; the quantities of heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrio and Bacillus in water were 6.4*10^3~3.00*10^5 CFU/mL,0.1*10^3~1.65*10^4 CFU/mL and 0.06*10^3~1.09*10^3 CFU/mL, respectively; that quantity of bacteria in sediment were 5.8*10^5~2.95*10^7 CFU/g, 0.8*10^4~ 2.75*10^5 CFU/g and 6.1*10^4~5.30*10^6 CFU/g, accordingly; quantity of heterotrophic bacteria in water was significantly positive correlated with that of sediment (P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis on water quality and bacteria quantity indicated that DO was an important index to aquaculture, the correlation between DO with quantity of Bacillus was positive significantly, but that correlation with Vibrio quantity was negative insignificantly.