几种适宜设施栽培果树需冷量的研究

 1996～1999 年, 采用Utah 加权模型, 先后对5 个树种、65 个常见设施栽培果树品种的需冷量及相关特性进行了研究。结果表明: 不同树种、品种的需冷量差异显著, 葡萄、西洋樱桃的需冷量最高, 桃最低, 李、杏居中, 而且年际间有较大差异, 说明作为一种遗传特性, 需冷量亦受环境因素的调节; 同一树种不同品种的需冷量高低与本品种果实的成熟期无明显关系, 果实成熟期早而需冷量较高的情况普遍存在; 同一品种其需冷量基本趋势是花芽高于叶芽; 根系在低温需求进程中起调控作用, 与地上低温同步的根际高温减少了花芽的需冷量, 而根系低温则没有效果。晚秋根外喷布6-BA 降低了油桃和杏的低温需求量, GA₃ 则有增加低温需求量的趋势, 而ABA 无明显效果。

A Study on Bud Chilling Requirements of Fruit Trees in Greenhouse

Utah model was used for estimating bud chilling requirements of 65 fruit tree cultivars from 5 species in greenhouse during 1995 - 1999. Bud (both leaf and flower bud) chilling requirements were significant differences among different kinds of species and cultivars : grape and sweat cherry possessed the highest chilling requirements (respectively 1 010 - 1 840 c. u , 910 - 1 240 c. u) , chiuing reqairement of plum and apricot were lower (800 - 880 c. u , 790 - 910 c. u) , then those of peach cultivars were the lowest (500 - 910 c. u) . Moreover , the same cultivars had significantly different chilling requirements between different years , it indicated that chilling requirementsnot only were affected by genetic factors but also regulated by enviromental variations. No regular relationship was found between chilling requirements and fruit development period , It also noted that flower bud had higher chilling units than leaf bud in almost all the experimental cultivars. In procssing of endodormancy , root might have some effects and in the experiment it affected the chilling requirements : high root temperature (in fact the temperature was the most suitable for root growth and development) reduced the flower bud chilling requirements , but lower and natural root temperature had no effects. Spraying growth regulators of different concentration also affected the chilling requirements : 10 - 50 mg·L^-1 6-BA reduced the chilling requirements and sprouting or blooming , 10 -50 mg·L - 1 GA₃ increased the chilling requirements , but ABA had no ffects , compared with the control of spraying of H₂O.