高产粳稻品种南粳晶谷的光合生理特性研究

【目的】研究南粳晶谷高产的光合生理特性，总结高产品种的光合优势，为高产水稻品种的选育提供理论依据。【方法】以南粳晶谷及其父母本为材料，研究南粳晶谷及其父母本从孕穗期到开花后42 d植株地上部干物质积累与分配、叶片光合生理特性和叶绿体超微结构。【结果】南粳晶谷的每穗粒数显著多于父母本，单位面积总颖花量比父母本多14%~27%；剑叶面积显著大于父母本，抽穗后地上部分干物质量始终高于父母本，灌浆后期向穗部转运量高；剑叶净光合速率在生育后期显著高于父母本，且高光合速率持续时间长；剑叶电子传递和光合性能指数PSⅡ光能转化性能都显著优于父母本，核心天线蛋白CP43、CP47在强光高温下的稳定性和调整能力优于父母本；叶绿体基粒片层垛叠程度高，叶绿体结构稳定，叶绿体衰败速度慢。【结论】南粳晶谷高产的光合特性是光合面积大，叶绿体结构稳定，高光合性能持续时间长；叶片PSⅡ光化学效率高，光合机构能量分配合理；最终表现为净光合速率高，光合产物多，转运效率高。

Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of High Yield japonica Rice Variety Nanjingjinggu

【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to clarify the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics and the photosynthetic advantages of high yield variety Nanjingjinggu, so as to lay a theoretical basis for the breeding of high yield and high quality rice varieties. 【Method】 Taking Nanjingjinggu and its parents as materials, the dry matter accumulation and distribution of the aboveground part, leaf photosynthetic physiological characteristics of photosystem Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ), and chloroplast ultrastructure of Nanjingjinggu and its parents from booting stage to 42 days after flowering were studied. 【Result】 The number of grains per panicle of Nanjingjinggu was significantly higher than those of its parents, and the total amount of spikelets per unit area was 14%－27% higher than those of its parents. The flag leaf area was significantly larger than that of its parents, the aboveground dry matter weight was always higher than that of the parents after heading, and the transport amount to the panicle was higher in the late filling stage. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf was significantly higher than that of the parents at the late growth stage, and the duration of high photosynthetic rate was long. The electron transfer, photosynthetic performance index and light energy conversion performance of PSⅡ in flag leaf were significantly better than that of the parents, and the stability and adjustment ability of core antenna proteins CP43 and CP47 under strong light and high temperature were better than that of the parents. Chloroplast grana lamellar stacking degree is high, chloroplast structure is stable, and chloroplast decay speed is slow. 【Conclusion】 The photosynthetic characteristics of high yield in Nanjingjinggu was the large photosynthetic area, stable chloroplast structure, and long duration of high photosynthetic performance. The photochemical efficiency of leaf PS Ⅱ was high and the energy distribution of photosynthetic apparatus was reasonable. The final performance is high net photosynthetic rate, more photosynthetic products and high transport efficiency.