斑兰叶叶部病害病原菌的分离鉴定

斑兰叶作为一种新兴的食品香料备受消费者喜爱，其主要食用部位为叶片，但叶部病害成为影响斑兰叶产业发展的首要制约因素。目前，国内外关于斑兰叶叶部病害的研究鲜有报道，为了对斑兰叶叶部病害开展有针对性的防治工作，本研究通过调查斑兰叶叶部病害发生流行规律，明确叶部病害主要发病时期及病害种类，并对叶部不同病害病原菌进行分离鉴定，为推动斑兰产业发展提供技术支撑。结果表明，斑兰叶叶部病害的发生主要从每年11月中下旬开始到翌年4月结束，对这个时期的不同病害通过病原菌的菌落形态、孢子显微结构观察、真菌通用引物ITS1/ITS4鉴定和致病性测定，采用离体叶片和活体盆栽苗2种方式测定分离的28株菌株的致病性，通过柯赫氏法则验证，最终得到9株致病菌BDC4121、BDC11221、BDC4112、BDC21112、XYS211、LSS112、LSS214、LSS213、LSS221。通过产孢培养基筛选发现致病菌BDC11221在绿豆液体培养基、摇床培养5~7 d产孢，LSS214在PDA培养基28℃下恒温培养30 d左右产孢，BDC4121、BDC4112、XYS211、LSS112、LSS221、LSS213在PDA培养基28℃下恒温培养7~10 d产孢；并结合ITS1/ITS4鉴定和孢子显微结构观察，确定9株致病菌主要分布在篮状菌属（Talaromyces）、镰刀菌属（Fusarium）、炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum）、附球菌属（Epicoccum）、拟盘多毛孢菌属（Pestalotiopsis）、拟茎点霉属（Phomopsis）、链格孢属（Alternaria）及Acrocalymma属。下一步将结合多基因组测序技术对致病菌进行分子鉴定研究。

Isolation and Identification of Leaf Pathogen from Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.

Pandanus amaryllifolius, a new food flavor, is loved by consumers. The main edible part is leaves. Leaf diseases have become the primary restrictive factor affecting the development of P. amaryllifolius industry. There are few reports on the research of leaf diseases on P. Amaryllifolius. In order to control the pathogens causing leaf diseases, this study investigated the occurrence and epidemic of leaf diseases, defined the main incidence period and disease types, isolated and identified the pathogens of different leaf diseases, and it would provide technical support for promoting the development of P. amaryllifolius industry. The occurrence of leaf diseases mainly began from the middle and late November of each year to the end of April of the next year. The pathogenicity of 28 isolated pathogens was determined in vitro leaves and in vivo potted seedlings. Through the observation of pathogen colony morphology, spore microstructure, universal identification of fungal primers ITS1/ITS4 and pathogenicity determination, strains BDC4121, BDC11221, BDC4112, BDC21112, XYS211, LSS112, LSS214, LSS213 and LSS221 were finally obtained through Koch’s rule verification. Through the screening of sporulation medium, BDC11221 was found to produce spores in mung bean liquid medium and shaking table for 5-7 days, LSS214 to spores in PDA at 28℃ for about 30 days, and BDC4121, BDC4112, XYS211, LSS112, LSS221 and LSS213 to produce spores in PDA at 28℃ for 7-10 days. Combined with ITS1/ITS4 identification and spore microstructure observation, the pathogens were in Talaromyces, Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Epicoccum, Pestalotiopsis, Phomopsis, Alternaria and Acrocalymma. The pathogens will be clarified with multigenome sequencing technology.