1982-2021年江苏省审定大豆品种主要农艺性状、产量、品质及抗性演变分析

为加快大豆品种改良，本文对101份1982-2021年江苏省审定大豆品种主要农艺性状、产量、品质及抗性演变趋势进行综合分析。结果表明：审定品种株高、主茎节数均随年份呈下降趋势，单株荚数、百粒重呈极显著上升趋势，其中淮北品种株高呈极显著下降趋势。审定品种（其中淮北品种60个，淮南品种41个）产量随年份呈极显著上升趋势，年均增产21.08 kg·hm^-2，且R²大于0.600，上升线性关系较为明显。蛋白质含量、脂肪含量均随年份呈上升趋势，蛋白质和脂肪总含量呈显著上升趋势，其中淮北品种蛋白质含量、蛋白质和脂肪总含量均呈极显著上升趋势。相关性分析发现，产量与生育期、主茎节数、结荚高度呈极显著负相关，与株高呈显著负相关，与蛋白质和脂肪总含量呈极显著正相关，与蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、百粒重呈显著正相关，表明合理缩短生育期、减少主茎节数、降低株高与结荚高度可促进产量提升，产量与品质协同提升可为高产优质大豆品种选育提供有效途径。

Evolution analysis of main agronomic traits,yield, quality and resistance of soybean varieties released in Jiangsu Province from 1982 to 2021

In order to accelerate soybean varieties improvement, this study analyzed the evolution of main agronomic traits, yield, quality and resistance of 101 soybean varieties (including 60 Huaibei varieties and 41 Huainan varieties) released in Jiangsu Province from 1982 to 2021. The results showed that plant height and node number of released varieties decreased with the year, and pods per plant, 100-seed weight increased with the year extremely significantly. Among them, the plant height of Huaibei varieties showed a extremely significant decrease. The yield of released varieties increased extremely significantly with the year of an average annual improvement of 21.08 kg·hm^-2, and R² greater than 0.600, showing an obvious ascending linear relationship. The protein content and oil content increased with the year, and the total protein and oil content increased significantly. Among them, the protein content, the total protein and oil content of Huaibei varieties increased extremely significantly. Correlation analysis found that yield appeared extremely significant negative correlation with growth periods, node number and pod height, significant negative correlation with plant height, but appeared extremely significant positive correlation with total protein and oil content, significant positive correlation with protein content, oil content and 100-seed weight. It means the reasonable shortening the growth period, reducing node number, plant height and podding height could promote yield, and the positive correlation between yield and quality could provide an effective way to high yield and quality soybean breeding.