菘油2号选育及油蔬两用价值初探

药用植物菘蓝的特定染色体附加到甘蓝型油菜所产生的附加系表现一定的抗病毒活性，但尚无营养成分、菜薹和菜籽产量、综合效益方面的研究。本研究以抗病毒油菜菘油1号为父本，细胞核雄性不育系川A-3为母本选育出菘油2号，并对其进行油蔬两用产量、农艺性状、菜薹营养、种子品质、综合效益等方面的研究。结果表明，具有菘蓝染色体特异标记的植株占48.56%，其菜薹营养丰富，维生素C和锌含量明显高于西兰花1-1-5、白花菜rB-112、红菜薹Q10005、初冬牛心甘蓝和萝卜CP4，氨基酸、蛋白质含量明显高于白花菜rB-112、红菜薹Q10005、初冬牛心甘蓝和萝卜CP4，与西兰花1-1-5相当。从播种到始摘薹的天数平均为117 d，菜薹产量为16 908.8 kg/hm²，较摘薹对照增产75.1%。与单纯收籽栽培相比，摘薹后末花期延迟6~10 d，株高、全株角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、单株产量，含油量都显著降低，其末花期理论生物量平均124.3 t/hm²，收获油菜籽1127.3 kg/hm²，较摘薹对照增产16.4%，较单纯收油菜籽栽培减产42.3%，油蔬两用栽培平均综合效益108 892.4元/hm²，比单纯收油菜籽栽培新增效益92 920.4 元/hm²。菘油2号油蔬两用栽培对增进人类健康和油菜提质增效具有重要意义，具有巨大的推广前景。

Preliminary study on Songyou 2 for oilseeds and cruciferous vegetable

The additional lines of Brassica napus with one specific chromosome of the medicinal plant songlan （Isatis indigotica） showed particular antiviral activity, but the nutrients, yield of bolts （vegetable parts）, and comprehensive benefits remain to study. In this study, antiviral addition line Songyou 1 （used as paternal plant）, and nuclear sterility line Chuan A-3 （used as maternal plant） were crossed to selected Songyou 2 as experimental material. Yield and quality of seeds and vegetable bolts, the agronomic characteristics, and comprehensive benefits were investigated. Results showed that 48.56% plants presented chromosome-specific SSR fragments of songlan. As vegetables, contents of vitamin C and zinc were higher in bolts than those of broccoli （1-1-5）, cauliflower （rB-112）, B. parachinensis （Q10005）, Chinese kale （Chudong niuxin ganlan） and radish （CP4）. Amino acids and protein contents were higher in bolts than those of cauliflower （rB-112）, B. parachinensis （Q10005）, Chinese kale （Chudong niuxin ganlan） and radish （CP4）, comparable to broccoli （1-1-5）. The average start-cutting days of sprouts were 117 d, with vegetable bolt yield of 16 908.8 kg/hm², increased by 75.1% compared with oilseed-vegetables cultivation control. Compared with oilseeds cultivation, the final-flowering period was postponed by 6-10 days, and plant height, siliques per plant, seeds per silique, 1000-seed weight, plant yield and oil content were reduced significantly. The predicted biomass at final flowering period was 124.3 t/hm². The seeds yield was 1127.3 kg/hm², increased by 16.4% compared with oilseeds-vegetable cultivation control, but decreased by 42.3% compared with the oilseeds cultivation. However, compared with oilseeds cultivation, the average comprehensive benefit of oilseeds-vegetables cultivation was 108 892.4 RMB yuan/hm², increased by 92 920.4 yuan/hm². The dual-purpose cultivation for oilseeds and vegetables of Songyou 2 had great sense for both human health and rapeseed cultivation.