盐碱胁迫对花生种子发芽特性影响及盐害综合鉴定评价

随着土壤盐碱地面积不断扩大，盐碱胁迫成为影响花生萌发的重要因素之一。为探究花生品种耐盐碱特性，筛选耐盐碱花生品种，以发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和盐害率为指标，益花1号、花育25号、花育39号、汾花1号、豫花37号为试验材料，分析NaCl、NaHCO₃和NaCl+NaHCO₃（1∶1）3种盐碱类型，4种胁迫浓度（0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%）对花生种子萌发的影响，对比分析各指标间的差异，并进行耐盐碱能力评价。研究结果表明，盐碱胁迫抑制种子萌发，随着盐碱溶液浓度增加发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均呈下降趋势，盐害率呈上升趋势，且NaCl+NaHCO₃（1∶1）胁迫程度大于NaCl和NaHCO₃，0.9%和1.2%浓度下种子不萌发。盐害等级划分结果与隶属函数综合评价结果显示，益花1号在3种盐碱胁迫下耐盐碱水平均较高，花育39号在各盐碱胁迫下耐盐碱性最差；益花1号为盐碱胁迫下的优势品种；新疆盐碱土壤类型主要为混合盐碱，综合各指标考虑，0.6%的胁迫浓度可作为评价各品种的耐盐碱性强弱的参考浓度。

Effects of saline-alkali stress on germination characteristics of peanut seeds and comprehensive identification and evaluation of salt damage

With the continuous expansion of saline alkali land area, saline-alkali stress has become one of the important factors affecting peanut germination. In order to explore the characteristics of salt and alkali tolerance of peanut varieties, salt and alkali tolerant peanut varieties were screened. Taking germination rate, germination potential, germination index and salt damage rate as indicators, Yihua 1, Huayu 25, Huayu 39, Fenhua 1 and Yuhua 37 were used as experimental materials. The effects of three saline alkali types of NaCl, NaHCO₃ and NaCl + NaHCO₃ (1∶1) and four stress concentrations (0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2%) on peanut seed germination were analyzed. The differences among various indexes were compared and analyzed, and the saline alkali tolerance was evaluated. Results showed that, saline-alkali stress inhibited seed germination. With the increase of saline alkali solution concentration, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index showed a downward trend, indicating the increase of salt damage rate. The stress degree of NaCl + NaHCO₃ (1∶1) was greater than that of NaCl and NaHCO₃. The seeds did not germinate at the concentrations of 0.9% and 1.2%. The results of salt damage classification and comprehensive evaluation of membership function demonstrated that Yihua 1 processed a highest level of salt and alkali tolerance under three salt and alkali stresses, while Huayu 39 showed the worst salt and alkali tolerance under each salt and alkali stress. Yihua 1 is the dominant variety under saline-alkali stress. The types of saline alkali soil in Xinjiang are mainly mixed saline alkali. Totally the concentration of 0.6% can be used as the critical concentration of salt and alkali tolerance for each variety.