低丘红壤低产茶园综合治理的实践与效果

 浙江省红黄壤约占耕地总面积的65%，其中一部份为低丘红壤。实践证明，茶树是红黄壤地区农作物生态体系和经济效益较好的战略性经济作物之一。石门农垦场以茶为主，1979年以前连年亏损。1979年开始在摸清茶园基础的前提下，运用各种行之有效的技术措施，分期分批有计划地对4063亩低产茶园进行了综合治理，历时9年，从根本上改观了茶园面貌，改善了土壤条件，提高了茶园单产，增加了经济效益。1979年至1987年茶园平均亩产173.46公斤，比1978年提高118.6%，1987年3400亩采摘茶园，平均亩产达到211.3公斤，使茶叶总产量、单产、总产值、上缴茶叶税收和茶叶净利润分别比1978年增加2.34倍、1.66倍、5.98倍、2.49倍和6.95倍。种茶工人平均每人年收入达到2506元，比1978年增长9.44倍。

PRACTICE AND EFFECT OF COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT ON LOW-YIELD TEA GARDEN IN THE AREA OF LOW HILL WITE RED SOIL

Shimen Plantation at Jinhua Zhejiang Province, giving first place to tea production combined with forestry and animal husbandry, was established in 1955. It was seriously deficit every year until 1979. On the basis of survey, the tea garden of 4063 mu (1/15 ha)was divided into different types and the low-yield type has been gradually transformed by comprenensive management, i. e. improving soil, tea plants and the environments since 1979. The soil fertility, the coverage rate of tea and the quality of garden have been improved. As a result, tea yield, output value and profit of the plantation continuously increased from 1979 to 1987 although 5.91% of tea garden was not put into production in transforming years. The plantation has therefore turned deficits to surpluses. The improvement of low-yield tea garden has brought along development of other aspects, such as tea processing, tea marketing, etc. During those 9 years, the average unit yield of tea and annual profit rose to 173.46 kg/mu and 1205000 yuan, increased 118.6% and 521.39% respectively compared with those in 1978. In 1987, the unit yield of plucking tea garden was 211.3 kg/mu, and the profit from tea accounted for 50.50% of the total profit of the plantation, and personal income came up to 2506 yuan.