黄土残塬沟壑区不同土地利用方式下土壤动物群落特征

为初步探究黄土残塬沟壑区不同土地利用方式下土壤环境因子与土壤动物群落间的相互关系,于2018年7-9月,对残塬沟壑区农田、菜地、果园、林地以及荒地5种土地利用方式下的土壤动物群落特征进行调查。通过手拣法和干湿漏斗法,野外共获得土壤动物15 141只,隶属于5门11纲22目;应用典型相关分析方法,对影响不同土地利用方式下土壤动物的主要土壤因子进行研究。结果表明：土壤因子第Ⅰ、Ⅱ对典型变量与土壤动物类群第Ⅰ、Ⅱ对典型变量之间均具有极显著的相关关系（P＜0.001）;第Ⅰ典型变量U1中速效磷含量、碱解氮含量和速效钾含量的负荷量较高,V1中线虫动物门、柄眼目和膜翅目的负荷量较高;第Ⅱ典型变量U2中全氮含量、速效磷含量和容重的负荷量较高,V2中弹尾目、柄眼目和鞘翅目（成虫）的负荷量较高。运用典型冗余指数分析对典型相关分析结果进行检验发现,土壤理化性质第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ变量分别能够解释土壤动物主要类群组12.90%和33.64%的变化,土壤动物类群因素中的第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ典型变量分别解释了土壤理化性质的26.72%和25.84%。为该区域合理开发利用土地资源、生物多样性保护和农业可持续发展提供科学依据。

Characteristics of Soil Animal Communities Under Different Land Use in Gully Area of Loess Plateau

In order to explore the relationship between soil environmental factors and soil animal communities under different land use patterns in the gully region of Loess Plateau, the characteristics of soil animal communities under five land use patterns of farmland, vegetable field, orchard, woodland and wasteland were investigated from July to September in 2018. A total of 15 141 soil animal individuals belonging to 5 phyla, 11 classes and 22 orders were obtained by hand picking method and dry-wet funnel method. Canonical correlation analysis was used to study the main soil factors affecting soil animals under different land use patterns. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the typical variables of soil factors Ⅰ and Ⅱ and the typical variables of soil animal groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.001). The loads of available phosphorus, available nitrogen and available potassium in the first typical variable U1 were higher, and the loads of Emata, Styommatophora and Hymenoptera in V1 were higher. In the second typical variable U2, the loads of total nitrogen content, available phosphorus content and bulk density were higher; while in V2, the loads of Styommatophora, Collembola and Coleoptera (adult) were higher. The canonical redundancy index analysis was used to test the results of canonical correlation analysis. It was found that the first and second variables of soil physical and chemical properties could explain the changes of 12.90% and 33.64% of the main groups of soil animals, and the first and second typical variables of soil animal groups explained 26.72% and 2584% of soil physical and chemical properties, respectively. The research provided scientific basis for rational development and utilization of land resources, biodiversity conservation and sustainable agricultural development in gully area of Loess Plateau.