厦门城市“干岛效应”研究

利用厦门市2个气象观测台站的相对湿度观测资料和通过温度及水汽压观测资料计算绝对湿度,对厦门市相对湿度和绝对湿度的年、季、月变化特征进行全面分析,进行城市＂干岛效应＂研究。结果表明,①由于厦门地区独特的地理环境,市区城区和郊区城区的空气湿度有着不一样的变化规律,20世纪市区城区并没有明显的＂干岛效应＂;②20世纪90年代以前年平均空气湿度变化趋势并不明显,从90年代初起,厦门的郊区城区空气湿度开始明显减小,两站分别在1993年和2004年出现变干的突变,21世纪初开始,厦门市区城区和郊区城区都明显变干;③从季节变化来看,季平均相对湿度,同安站各季节都呈减小趋势,厦门站没有明显变化;而季平均绝对湿度,同安站主要是春夏季呈明显减小趋势,秋冬季变化不明显,厦门站主要是夏季呈明显减小趋势,其余季节变化不明显;④从各时次的空气湿度气候变化来看,同安站在4个时次都呈明显变小趋势,相对湿度以20：00和08：00变小趋势最明显,绝对湿度以14：00变小趋势最明显;厦门站只在14：00相对湿度明显变小,绝对湿度在02：00和20：00变小明显。

Study on the Dry Island Effect in Xiamen City

Using relative humidity data from two meteorological stations in Xiamen and absolute humidity calculated from temperature and water vapor,the annual,seasonal and monthly change characteristic of relative humidity and absolute humidity were comprehensive analyzed.Then the dry island effect of Xiamen City was studied.The results demonstrated that because of unique geographical features,the air humidity showed different change rules between urban and suburb.There was no obvious dry island effect in urban and suburb at last century.The change trend of average air humidity was unapparent before 90th of last century.From early 90th of last century,the air humidity in suburb began to decrease obviously.There was dry mutation for these two stations in 1993 and 2004 respectively.From the beginning of early of this century,both areas became dry obviously.The seasonal average relative humidity of Tongan station decreased each season,but what in Xiamen station changed unapparent.The seasonal average absolute humidity of Tongan station decreased apparently in spring and summer,but what did not change obviously in autumn and winter.The seasonal average absolute humidity of Xiamen station decreased apparently in summer,but what did not change apparently in other seasons.As respect from climate change of air humidity of each time,it decreased obviously at all four times at Tongan station.Relative humidity diminished most apparently at 08 and 20 o'clock.Absolute humidity diminished most apparently at 14 o'clock.For Xiamen station,relative humidity diminished most apparently at 14 o'clock.Absolute humidity diminished most apparently at 02 and 20 o'clock.