农业机械对劳动力的替代能否提高粮食生产环境效率

采用SBM-DEA模型、Moran’s I指数和PSDM模型,以较有代表性的粮食作物小麦为研究对象,依据2001—2018年15个省的面板数据,基于农机跨区服务和劳动力空间转移的视角,分析了农业机械替代劳动力对粮食生产环境效率的空间影响,并对影响机制进行了甄别。结果表明:①2001—2018年中国粮食生产环境效率总体递增,地区间环境效率和变动率的发展虽不平衡,但不平衡的局面正在逐渐改善。②农业机械对劳动力的替代程度和粮食生产环境效率分别在2004年和2005年以后出现明显的空间正相关关系。③农业机械对劳动力的替代程度可以提高粮食生产环境效率,且存在空间溢出效应,但不如预期般显著,在剔除2001—2004年的样本后发现,替代程度对环境效率的改善作用主要来源于2005年以后,而作用路径主要通过提高单产水平和降低非期望产出实现。据此,本文提出了促进农业机械替代劳动力与粮食生产环境效率之间协调发展的政策启示。

Dose the substitution of agricultural machinery for labor improve the environmental efficiency of food production

In this paper, SBM - DEA model, Moran ’s I index and PSDM model are adopted to analyzes the agricultural machinery to replace labor on food production efficiency of the space environment, and the influence mechanism was screened, with a typical food crops to wheat as the research object, based on the panel data of 15 provinces from 2001 to 2018 and from the perspective of agricultural machinery inter-district services and labor transfer space.The results showe that: ① From 2001 to 2018, the overall environmental efficiency of China ’s grain production increased, and the development of environmental efficiency and rate of change among regions was imbalance, but the imbalance was gradually improved. ② The degree of substitution of agricultural machinery for labor force and the environmental efficiency of food production showed obvious positive spatial correlation after 2004 and 2005 respectively. ③ Industry machinery on the degree of substitution of labor can improve the efficiency of grain production, and spatial spillover effect exists, but not as good as expected, after eliminating the samples of 2001-2004 found that the degree of substitution effect on the improvement of the efficiency of environment mainly comes from 2005 years later, the path to the key by improve yield and reduce the expected output.Accordingly, this paper puts forward policy suggestions to promote the coordinated development between agricultural machinery to replace labor force and environmental efficiency of grain production.